1. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 9632024 蘇怡今 指導教授：任維廉教授 1

2. OUTLINE The research topic The literature review The use of the literature Design techniques The definition of terms A quantitative or mixed methods literature review 2

3. THE RESEARCH TOPIC The topic is the subject or subject matter of a proposed study Draft a brief title Complete this sentence, “My study is about…” Be brief and avoid wasting words Pose the topic as a brief question 3

4. A TOPIC CAN AND SHOULD BE RESEARCHED? Can researchers have participant willing Investigators have resources to collect data Should More complex matter Transforms the ideas and beliefs of the research Researcher is interest in the topic Researcher’s personal goals 4

5. THE LITERATURE REVIEW It shares with the reader the results of other studies It provides a framework for establishing the importance of the study 5

6. THE USE OF THE LITERATURE Qualitative Exploratory Learn from participant Quantitative Includes a substantial amount of literature at to provide direction for the research questions or hypotheses Mixed studies Use either a quantitative or a qualitative approach to the literature 6

7. USING LITERATURE IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY Use of the literature CriteriaExample of suitable strategy types Frame the problem in the introduction to the study Literature available Typically, literature is used in all qualitative studies, regardless of type The literature is presented in a separate section Traditional postpositivist approach Is used with those studies employing a strong theory The literature is presented in the study at the end Inductive process of qualitative Is used in all types of qualitative designs 7

8. DESIGN TECHNIQUES Steps in conducting a literature review Searching computerized database A priority for selecting literature material A literature map of the research Abstracting studies Style manuals 8

9. DESIGN TECHNIQUES Steps in conducting a literature review Identify key words Go to the library and begin searching Locate about 50 reports Duplicate those that are central to your topic Design literature map Draft summaries of the most relevant articles Assemble the literature review 9

10. DESIGN TECHNIQUES Searching computerized database Use both online literature database and academic library Search several databases Use guides to terms to locate your articles Locate an article that is close to your topic Full-text copies of your articles as much as possible 10

11. DESIGN TECHNIQUES A priority for selecting literature material Look for summaries of the literature on your topic Journal articles, national journals Books Recent conference papers Dissertation abstracts Web 11

12. DESIGN TECHNIQUES A literature map of the research One of the first tasks for a researcher working Hierarchical structure-from top to down Flowchart-from left to right A series of circles 12

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14. DESIGN TECHNIQUES Abstracting studies Mention the problem being addressed State the central purpose or focus of the study Briefly state information Review key results that relate to the proposed study If it is methodological review, point out technical and methodological flaws in the study 14

15. DESIGN TECHNIQUES Style manuals Provide guidelines for creating a scholarly style of a manuscript In-text references End-of-text references Headings Footnotes Tables and figures 15

16. THE DEFINITION OF TERMS Define a term when it first appears in the proposal Write definitions at a specific operational or applied level Do not define the terms in everyday language Develop a separate section 16

17. THE DEFINITION OF TERMS Qualitative Do not include separate sections Quantitative Place the definition of terms in separate sections Mixed methods studies 17

18. A QUANTITATIVE OR MIXED METHODS LITERATURE REVIEW Introduce the review by telling the reader about the sections included in it Address the scholarly literature about the independent variable or variables Incorporate the scholarly literature about the depend variable or variables Include the the scholarly literature that relates the independent varable(s) to the depend variable(s) Provide a summary 18

19. SUMMARY Identify your topic Brief title Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed methods designs Identify key words Define key terms 19

20. THE END 20