1. PART I Chapter 18 Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

2. Chapter Learning Targets: Prokaryotes are diverse organisms that live in nearly all environments.
Differentiate among archaea and bacteria and
their subcategories.
Describe survival mechanisms of bacteria at both the individual and population levels.
Describe ways that bacteria are beneficial to humans.

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W25nI9kpxtU 7:16 min
Archaea
7:16 min

4. Phylogeny

5. Characteristics First living evidence on earth Unicellular
Prokaryotes (No membrane-bound organelles)
Cell wall with internal plasma membrane
Found everywhere

6. Bacteria

7. Bacteria Structures
Cell wall – provides support and protection to the cell
Plasma membrane – flexible, selectively permeable boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cytoplasm – semi-fluid material inside the cell’s plasma membrane
Ribosome – organelle that helps to manufacture proteins
DNA - stores and communicates genetic information for the cell

8. Bacteria Structures Pilus/pili - hairlike protrusion
to stick to surfaces
a bridge for sexual reproduction
Flagellum - long, whiplike protrusion, for moving
Capsule - sticky layers around cell wall
Toxin - a powerful poison
Endospore – found in some bacteria resists harsh environments

9. Flagella

10. Capsules

11. Endospores
Survival of Bacteria

12. Endospores

13. Classification: Three Basic Shapes
Cocci -Spheres Bacilli -Rods Spirilli -Spiral

14. Classification: Gram stain – Cell wall type
Thick – Purple Stain = “Gram Positive”
Thin - Pink Stain = “Gram Negative”

15. Growth Patterns
Diplo- pairs
Staphylo- clusters
Strepto- chains

16. Pneumonia

17. Streptococci

18. Archaebacteria – ancient bacteria
Methanogens
Live in:
Oxygen-free environment
Produce methane gas
Halophiles
Salt water
Acidophiles:
Hot, acidic water

19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-z9-9OOWC4 11:04 min.
Bacteria
11:04 min.

20. Eubacteria - “True” bacteria
Live in more habitable environments
Heterotrophs
Photosynthetic
Autotrophs
Chemosynthetic
Saprophytes (decomposers)
Need sunlight to make food
Need sulfur & nitrogen to make food
Parasites (cause disease)
Example: Cyanobacteria
Nitrogen fixation
(FIX the nitrogen)

21. Cyanobacteria - “blue-green bacteria” Algae + Bacteria

22. Beneficial Bacteria Nitrogen fixation Nodules
Converts nitrogen into ammonia
a form that plants can use
Nodules
A symbiotic relationship between bacteria and plants

23. (Beneficial Bacteria)
Saprophytes (decomposers)
Breaks down dead organisms and decaying matter
Returns nutrients to soil

24. (Beneficial Bacteria)
Make food:
Cheese
Pickles
Yogurt
Vinegar
Sauerkraut

25. Cellular Respiration Obligate Aerobes Obligate Anaerobes
Need Oxygen
Die from Oxygen

26. Pathogenic Bacteria – disease-causing bacteria
Pathogen – an organism that causes disease
Produce toxins
Damage host’s tissues
Enter through openings in body (via air, food, water)

27. Antibiotics: ~ Destroys cell wall of bacteria ~ Creates holes in the cell walls
Sir Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillium notatum

28. Air-Born

29. Air-Born Bacteria

30. Sulfur Bacteria

31. Reproduction Asexual Sexual Binary Fission Rapid - 20 min.
Cell division
Rapid - 20 min.
Sexual
Conjugation – exchange genetic material
Pili/pilus - bridge

32. Binary Fission: Asexual Reproduction

33. Conjugation - Sexual Reproduction

34. PART II Chapter 18 Ecology

37. 10 Leading Causes of Death in South Dakota (1991 – 2011)
Heart Disease 2,324
Cancer 1,524
Stroke
Chronic Lower Respiratory
Influenza/Pneumonia
Accidents
Diabetes
Suicide
Aortic Aneurysm
Kidney Disease
All other ,004

38. South Dakota 2011 Deaths. 7,271 total
Cancer 1,656
Heart Disease 1,615
Chronic Lower Respiratory
Stroke
Alzheimer’s
Accidents
Diabetes
Influenza/Pneumonia
Suicide
Dementia
All other ,556

39. Old & Odd: Archaea, Bacteria & Protists - CrashCourse Biology #35