1. Charges and How They Behave

2. The Atom Atom : the smallest unit of an element
Made up of smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons

3. The Atom

4. Charges Positive charge – there are more protons than electrons
Negative Charge – there are more electrons than protons
Neutral Charge – there are the same number of electrons and protons

5. The Law of Electric Charge:
Opposites Attract!!
The Law of Electric Charge:
Opposite charges attract each other
Like charges (the same) repel each other

6. Friction (caused by rubbing two objects together)
A: before rubbing a balloon on hair, both have a neutral charge or the same number of electrons and protons
B: when the balloon is rubbed on the hair, negative charges are transferred from the hair to the balloon. The hair now has more protons or positive charges and the balloon has more electrons or negative charges .

7. Conductors and Insulators
Conductor cue card
Insulator cue card
A material in which electrical charges can move easily
Examples: copper, iron, salt water, Earth
A material in which electrical charges cannot move easily
Examples: wood, paper, oil, plastic, pure water
Electrical cords of most appliances and electrical tools are made of a conductor that is covered by and insulator