1. The Mole

7. It's not a spy, a machine for digging tunnels, a burrowing animal,
or a spot of skin pigmentation - it's
- a unit of measurement containing about
6.02 x 1023
particles.
The Chemical Mole

8. 1 dozen atoms is
12 atoms!

9. 1 pair of atoms is
2 atoms!

10. 1 gross of atoms is
144 atoms!

11. 1 mole of atoms is
602,214,199,000,000,000,000,000 atoms!

12. Avogadro’s Number (NA)
6.022 x 1023 particles / mole

13. Amadeo Avogadro

14. How BIG is x 1023 ?

15. Could Bill Gates ever become a “moleonaire”?

16. How much interest would you get per second if 1 mole of $ was invested at an annual interest rate of 1%
6.02 x 1023$ x (1/100) = 6.02 x 1021$ (1 year)
6.02 x 1021$ / 365 days = 1.65 x 1019$ (1 day)
1.65 x 1019$ / 24 hours = 6.87 x 1017$ (1 hour)
6.87 x 1017$ / 60 min = 1.15 x 1016$ (1 min)
1.15 x 1016$ / 60 sec = 1.90 x 1014$ (1 sec)
190 TRILLIONS per SECOND !

17. Bill Gates only currently has 70 billion $ (70 x 109 $) 1 second of interest (at 1%) on a mole of $ is equivalent to 3000 times Bill’s Gates total wealth!

18. To become a moleonaire Bill Gates would have to earn 33,000 trillion $ a day for the next 50 years! Not likely!

19. Too bad Bill! Soooo sad…

20. The Pacific Ocean

21. How much water is there in the Pacific Ocean?
Approximately 6 x 1020 L
which is equivalent to 6 x 1023 mL !
The Pacific Ocean contains a mole of mL of water

22. A Galactic Analogy
A mole of periods (.) lined up side by side would equal the radius of our galaxy (30,000 light years!)

23. A mole is big…
real big.
But is it really that important?
Yes. Why?

24. Importance of the Mole
Scientists use the mole to help count atoms, molecules, and compounds
Example:
0.5 Moles of CO2 = 3.01x1023 Molecules of CO2
0.25 Moles of Carbon = 1.5x1023 atoms of Carbon
How many molecules are there in 2.0 moles of O2?
How many ATOMS are there in 2.0 moles of O2?
2.4 x 1024 Atoms of Oxygen

25. What is Avogadro’s Number?
If I had a half-dozen eggs how many would I have?
If I had a half-mole of eggs how many would I have?
If I had a half-mole of copper atoms how many would I have?

26. Importance of the Mole Practice
How many molecules are in 5.0 moles of NO2?
How many atoms are there in 0.25 moles of Sulfur?
How many molecules are there in 7.6 moles of C2O4?
How many ATOMS are there in 7.6 moles of C2O4?

27. Importance of the Mole
Moles tell us how many particles there are of something.
Example:
1.0 moles of Sodium atoms = 6.02x1023 atoms of Sodium
A mole is a big number… what do you suppose the mass of one mole of sodium atoms is?
23.0 grams!
Golly-gee-whilickers! How did you find that out?
Hmmm…
!!!THE PERIODIC TABLE!!!

28. Moles of atoms Off the Periodic Table:
1 mole C = g C
1 mole B = g B
1 mole Cu = g Cu
1 mole element = (atomic mass) g element
• We can then say that ….
Moles=grams / molar mass
This is useful information! Watch!

29. Aluminum Can Lab
How many moles of Aluminum (Al) are in an aluminum can?
How many atoms of Aluminum (Al) are in an aluminum can?

30. Importance of the Mole
Scientists can use the mole to determine how many particles are in a sample.
Example:
If you have 5 grams of water, how many water molecules do you have?
1st we need to determine the Molar Mass for Water

31. How do I find Molar Mass you Ask?
Determine the formula for the molecule.
EX. Water is Dihydrogen Monoxide
H2O
Find the molar mass for each atom in the molecule.
H = g/mole
O = g/mole

32. But Wait!! There are two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of water, so…
2H = (1.008 g/mole) X 2 = g/mole H
Now that I know the molar mass for the atoms in water, I can calculate the formula mass for water:
2.016 g/mole H
g/mole O
18.01 g/mole H2O

33. In Summary: Mole Formulas (You need to know these!)
Moles * Molar mass = Mass of Sample
(I write it as Moles*MU = MG)
Moles is how many moles you have
Unit Mass is the mass of whatever unit you are dealing with (atoms, molecules, etc)
Mass of Sample is the mass of your sample
Moles =NP/NA
NP = Number of particles (how many atoms, molecules, etc. your sample contains)
NA=Avogadro’s Number
Moles = grams/molar mass