1. The MOLE http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Stoichiometry.html

2. Welcome to Mole Island 1 mole = 22.4 L @ STP 1 mol = molar mass 1 mol = 6.02 x 10 23 particles

3. Counting Atoms Chemistry is a quantitative science - we need a "counting unit." MOLEThe MOLE 1 mole is the amount of substance that contains as many particles (atoms or molecules) as there are in 12.0 g of C-12.

4. The Mole is Developed Carbon AtomsHydrogen AtomsMass Ratio Number Mass (amu) Mass carbon / Mass hydrogen 12 1 12 amu = 12 1 amu 1 24 [2 x 12] 2 [2 x 1] 24 amu = 12 2 amu 1 120 [10 x 12] 10 [10 x 1] 120 amu = 12 10 amu 1 600 [50 x 12] 50 [50 x 1] 600 amu = 12 50 amu 1 (6.02 x 10 23 ) x (12) Avogadro’s number (6.02 x 10 23 ) x (1) (6.02 x 10 23 ) x (12) = 12 (6.02 x 10 23 ) x (1) 1 Avogadro’s number Avogadro Paper Avogadro Paper

5. Amadeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856) 1 mole = 602213673600000000000000 or 6.022 x 10 23 thousands millions billionstrillions quadrillions ? There is Avogadro's number of particles in a mole of any substance. Particles in a Mole Amedeo AvogadroAmedeo Avogadro (1766-1856) never knew his own number; it was named in his honor by a French scientist in 1909. its value was first estimated by Josef Loschmidt, an Austrian chemistry teacher, in 1895.

6. Careers in Chemistry - Philosopher Q: How much is a mole? A: A mole is a quantity used by chemists to count atoms and molecules. A mole of something is equal to 6.02 x 10 23 “somethings.” 1 mole = 602 200 000 000 000 000 000 000 Q: Can you give me an example to put that number in perspective? A: A computer that can count 10,000,000 atoms per second would take 2,000,000,000 years to count 1 mole of a substance.

7. Counting to 1 Mole Is that right? A computer counting 10 million atoms every second would need to count for 2 billion years to count just a single mole. Lets look at the mathematics. Therefore 1 year has 31,536,000 seconds or 3.1536 x 10 7 sec. A computer counting 10,000,000 atoms every second could count 3.153 x 10 14 atoms every year. Finally, 6.02 x 10 23 atoms divided by 3.1536 x 10 14 atoms every year equals 1,908,929,477 years or approximately 2 billion years! x sec = 1 year 365 days 1 year1 day 24 hours60 min 1 hour 60 sec 1 min = 31,536,000 sec

8. How Big is a Mole? One mole of marbles would cover the entire Earth (oceans included) for a depth of three miles. One mole of $100 bills stacked one on top of another would reach from the Sun to Pluto and back 7.5 million times. It would take 9500 light years to travel from the bottom to the top of a stack of 1 mole of $1 bills.

9. 1 Mole of Particles

10. The Mole A counting number (like a dozen) = 6.02 x 10 23 atoms or molecules (called Avogadro’s number) Important because it also is equal to the atomic masses on the periodic table when given the unit of GRAMS. (Molar Mass or Formula Mass) To find molar mass, add the masses from the periodic table for all atoms in the compound. ROUND TO THE 10 TH PLACE!

11. Find the molar mass of lithium Look on the Periodic Table Round to the 10 th place: 6.9 grams

12. Find the molar mass of potassium phosphate Write the chemical formula K 3 PO 4 Add the molar masses of all atoms: 3(39.1 g) + 31.0 g + 4(16.0 g) =212.3 grams

13. Mole Map Mole Island Particle Peninsula Liter Lake Mass Mountain

14. Mole Map Mole Island Mass Mountain 1 mole = molar mass (g) How many moles are in 14.5 grams of Copper?

15. Mole Map Mole Island Liter Lake 1 mole = 22.4 L @ STP What is the volume of a balloon containing 2.5 moles of helium at STP?

16. Mole Map Mole Island Particle Peninsula 1 mole = 6.022 x 10 23 particles (atoms or molecules) How many molecules of water are there in a 125 mole sample?

17. Follow the Map to the solution! How many grams of carbon dioxide are needed to fill a 3.65 liter container?

18. Mole Map Mole Island Particle Peninsula Liter Lake Mass Mountain

19. How many grams of carbon dioxide are needed to fill a 3.65 liter container? Mole Island Liter Lake Mass Mountain

20. Mole Map Mole Island Particle Peninsula Liter Lake Mass Mountain

21. Try these How many moles of KBr are there in a 14.6 gram sample? How many liters of hydrogen gas will be in a 567 mole sample at STP? What mass of strontium oxide contains 3.45 x 10 24 molecules?