1. Wir schaffen Wissen – heute für morgen Paul Scherrer Institut Timo Korhonen (PSI/GFA Controls) Plans for the SwissFEL Control System EPICS Meeting, BNL 2010

2. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, The SwissFEL is the next planned project of the PSI – We are not funded yet – decision in about one year – But we do have already a test machine: 250 MeV injector – the first stage of the full machine The leading idea: a compact and economical FEL – Can be implemented with the resources of a small country like Switzerland – Complementary to large FELs like LCLS and EuroXFEL (DESY) – However, should still be competitive and provide excellent (or even unique) science opportunities The SwissFEL Project

3. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, Complementary to the Swiss Light Source – SLS (as well as the other PSI machines) will continue to operate and (hopefully) develop Project will heavily rely on existing PSI resources (“matrix structure”) – Relatively small core team dedicated to SwissFEL Time and budget plan: The SwissFEL Project

4. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, The SwissFEL Project SwissFEL parameters –Wavelength tunable from 1 Å - 70 Å –Pulse duration 1 fs - 20 fs –Pulse energy 2 μJ - 50 μJ –Repetition rate 100 Hz –(400 Hz was also in discussion but will not be implemented) Total length about 700 meters –Thus “compact” - but still not small Will be built close to the existing site –But across the Aare river – logistic challenges First stage commissioning planned for 2016 –If current plan is accepted Will use C-band RF –Use technology developed for the Spring-8 XFEL –Compactness, power consumption

5. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, The SwissFEL Project Ecologically friendly – minimal cutting of trees Accelerator will be underground

6. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, The SwissFEL Machine Aramis: Hard X-ray beamline,compact undulator design (in vacuum). Wavelength tuning mainly by electron beam energy (2.2 – 5.8 GeV) with some tunability by the gap of the undulator modules. Athos: Soft X-ray SASE FEL with APPLE II type undulator modules. Wavelength tuning by undulator gap with two injection energies of electron beam (2.1 and 3.4 GeV). D’Artagnan: for wavelengths above Athos, seeded with an HHG source. The FEL is also used as the initial stage of a High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) with Athos as the final radiator.

7. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL Subsystems Diagnostics –A number of new diagnostics instruments Undulator systems –In-vacuum and APPLE-II type, fixed and movable gap Timing –Event system (Micro-Research)‏ RF systems –C-Band RF, Spring-8 development Magnet systems –PSI digital controllers, a new version Machine protection –Under (conceptual) design Image processing –High-speed camera interface, on-line preprocessing Laser systems –Ti-Sa laser RF reference distribution –Optical Master Oscillator, in development Detectors –A new detector generation in development Electron Gun –New development based on SLAC/LCLS gun..and so on...

8. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL – Diagnostics systems Monitors for dedicated measurements –OTR, Scintillator crystals, Wire scanners On-line monitors –Synchrotron light monitors –Monitors before beam dumps Integrated measurements –Beam position, Bunch arrival, Peak current monitors Profile measurements –Transverse deflecting structures,Electro-optical monitor, Martin- Puplett interferometer Many developments underway –All these may not be used in the final machine Many cameras to be used –Project for high-speed processing of camera data Calculate beam parameters on-line at beam rate –Much interest in the area detector package

9. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL BPM System PSI Diagnostics will contribute the BPM system to EuroXFEL –Resonant stripline and cavity BPMs –The electronics has already been designed (VME64x) and will be used for SwissFEL, too Fast serial links for feedback systems VXS capability (optional serial connector in place of P0) Contacts: Boris Keil,Goran Marinkovic

10. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL – Undulator systems Two types of undulators are foreseen –For hard X-rays in-vacuum, room temperature, permanent magnet arrays with variable gap. –For soft X-rays permanent magnet undulators built in APPLE II configuration, thus allowing full control of photon beam polarization.

11. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL – Magnet controls The PSI digital power supplies will be used –Upgraded design of the controller Faster data link and enhanced link protocol 100 kHz update rate –Not an issue for SwissFEL but has been developed for other projects at PSI (medical facility) Two power supplies can be controlled over one link –Requirements for SwissFEL are typically more relaxed than for other PSI machines

12. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL – RF systems C-band RF will be used –A challenge; no C-band experience at PSI so far –We need to learn from Spring-8 XFEL experience But have to make our own experiences, too LLRF will be a challenge –Tolerances are extremely tight injector (S-band), (pulse to pulse, intra-pulse): –ampl. stability: < 0.01 % (rms) –phase stability: < 0.01 ° (rms) main linac (C-band), (pulse to pulse, intra-pulse): –ampl. stability: < 0.2 % (rms) –phase stability: < 0.2 ° (rms) RF pulse length: <5 us Lots of data for debugging and tuning produced and has to be handled –Data transfer performance Development is challenging –Flexibility is required

13. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL Control System EPICS-based –As all our other machines (will be) Three-prong hardware architecture: –VME64x where dedicated electronics, in-system processing needed –PLC-type systems for slow I/O‏ –Small embedded systems for applications with a small number of I/O channels in isolated locations –Of course, lots of soft IOCs, on virtualized servers Use of event system (Micro-Research) –Beam-synchronous control, triggering, etc. Heavy use of Matlab –Rapid development tool (physicists like it) –Working on a concept of a robust application platform Migrate matlab scripts to 24x7 control room applications Still to be crystallized Large amounts of data to be handled on-line and archived –Archiving (storage) performance is an issue –Synchronous data handling, too

14. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL Control System Control system backbone architecture: VME64x –A lot of existing infrastructure Two (still) fairly new machines equipped with VME Developing a parallel infrastucture, know-how and maintenance would be too expensive –Lots of investment in development Like the BPM system –No obvious benefit of taking something else –A number of developments will bring a whole new spectrum of possibilities (next slide) To be used in (our) other machines, too –No manpower for separate developments

15. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL Control System How to keep VME fit? –Generic platform planned for use in LLRF and diagnostics systems I/O interfaces –FMC – direct I/O to FPGA, standardized interface –Also PMC and XMC Novel use of P0 connector (on VME64x)‏ –3M UHM connector ( up to 5 Gb/s) –Route RocketIO, PCI express, 10 GBE through backplane –Local processors Not only embedded in FPGA –Easier programmer access –Run matlab/simulink code on-board Use smaller units –Possibly some VXS And all this cost-effective –Housing, power, cooling, etc. No revolution but evolution –We can use the latest technologies within existing infrastructure

16. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL Control System Slow I/O –PLC-type systems (like WAGO)‏ –Possibly with direct EPICS integration –Binary I/O, slow analog I/O, facility-type systems –Standardized field cabling Small, embedded systems –For applications with a small number of I/O channels in isolated locations –For specialized functions –Application areas have not yet fully crystallized... –Maintenance (of firm- and software) is an unsolved issue How to cope with FPGA tool generations Not only in this category – but especially burning here –If you run EPICS directly on the FPGA fabric –Develop once and freeze forever?

17. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, SwissFEL Control System EPICS infrastructure –We will need fast (by today's standards) archiving and retrieval Not ready to give up Kay's channel archiver – at least yet –We would need to have a modern user/operator toolset CSS has been a hard sell – please try to convince us! Biggest question: suitability for operator screens –Image data handling is a big issue Area detector software of big interest –Beam-synchronous data handling will also be important Using a SLAC-like solution right now Probably need to develop something else for the final machine –Timing and data network? –Development has been on hold for the last year

18. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, Test Machine: 250 MeV Injector

19. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, Test Machine: 250 MeV Injector Inaugurated in August this year –Needs still to be completed Testbench for many systems –Constantly changing Plans to recycle at least some of it for the final machine –To be seen how this will work out.... Many systems to be developed –Machine protection –Laser controls –Many types o feedback –Experiment control and data acquisition Sorry – could not fit into this talk!

20. 10/11/10EPICS Meeting, BNL, Thank you for your attention!