1. Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Grapevine removes an appreciable amount of nutrients from soil. It has been estimated that an average crop of grape removes 40-60 kg N, 10-15 kg P and 50-70 kg K from the soil. The demand can be meet out with the application of manures and fertilizers because soil of India are generally poor in fertility and low in organic matter. Among major nutrients, N deficiency is universal. For better nutrient use efficiency, source of nutrients, time of application, methods of application and doses of fertilizers/ nutrients are important.

2. Chemical fertilizers have been the key elements in enhancing the fruit production in India. Fertilizer is the macro-micro nutrients carrier which when applied judiciously to soil or foliage meets the nutrient need of the crop. It implies high fertilizer management such as split application, efficient timing and proper placement etc need to be adopted. From the point of view of environmental protection the word judicious is very relevant in the in nutrient management. It implies high fertilizer management such as split application, efficient timing and proper placement etc need to be adopted. Thus it is important to have an idea about source of nutrient, methods and time of application and placement of fertilizers for better nutrient use efficiency.

3. Objective After completing this lesson, you will be able to : Explain the different sources, doses, time and methods of application of nutrients required for chemical fertilization in grape.

4. FertilizerN (%) Urea46.0 Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 26.0 Ammonium Nitrate34.0 Ammonium chloride25.0 Calcium Nitrate15.5 Ammonium sulphate20.6 Sources of nitrogen Urea

5. Fertilizer P (%) Single super phosphate16.0 Rock phosphate18.0 Bone meal20.0 Sources of phosphorous Single Super phosphate

6. FertilizerK (%) Potassium sulphate52 Potassium chloride60 Potassium Magnesium Sulphate22 Source of potassium

7. FertilizerNPK DAP1846 Potassium Nitrate1345 NPK (15:15:15)15 NPK (10:26:26)1026 NPK (12:32:16)123216 Mix fertilizers used as NPK source

8. MicronutrientSourceContent (%) CopperCopper sulphate35 CopperCu EDTA13 IronFerrous sulphate20 IronBasic slag13 BoronBorax11 BoronBoric acid17 ManganeseManganese sulphate24 ZincZinc sulphate36 Sources of micronutrient

9. Doses of nutrients for five years and old vine yard Age of the plant (in years) Nutrient dose (g) NitrogenPhosphorouspotassium Anab-e-Shahi600550800 Beauty Seedless500 1000 Perlette5001000900 Thompson SL1000800

10. Concentrations of micronutrients for folia spray CopperIronZincBoronMn 0.20% 0.50% Micronutrients should be sprayed at bloom and pre-bloom stage

11. FertilizersFactorFertilizersFactor Nitrogenous fertilizersPhosphatic fertilizers Urea2.17Single super phosphate6.25 Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 3.85Rock phosphate5.56 Ammonium Nitrate2.94Bone meal5.00 Ammonium chloride4.0Potassic fertilizers Calcium Nitrate6.45Potassium sulphate1.92 Ammonium sulphate4.84Potassium chloride1.66 Potassium Magnesium Sulphate 4.55 Factor for calculating quantity of different fertilizers

12. Time of application Newly planted vines: April and June Bearing orchard: apply half quantity of nitrogen and potash and full quantity of phosphorous just after pruning. Remaining nitrogen and potash must be applied after fruit set

13. Fertilizer application method Fertilizers must be applied at a distance of 30 cm from the tree trunk to drip line in grapevine during first year. In the subsequent years, these are applied in the 15 cm deep furrow opened in the rectangular or square plot made around the vines and then covered with soil from the alternate ridges. In addition to source of nutrients, time of application and doses, the method of fertilizer application is also important in nutrient management

14. Fertilizer application method After broad casting, fertilizers should be incorporated thoroughly to the soil by cultivating the top soil. Care should be taken not to damage the roots. Urea must only be applied when the soils are moist otherwise trees must be irrigated immediately after urea application.