1. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Robert Mayo Senior Statistician FAO Statistics Division UNECE/FAO/Eurostat Workshop on Environment Statistics (Budva, Montenegro, May 2013) Fertilizer Statistics Methodology

2. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division The importance of fertilizers and fertilizer statistics and indicators Environmental impacts Development of production capacities; Production, imports and exports; Deliveries; Stocks; Use in agriculture; Prices.

3. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Essential nutrients Large quantities of: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium; Smaller quantities of: Sulphur, Calcium, Magnesium; Very small quantities of: Iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum and chlorine.

4. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Terminology Nitrogen – N, Phosphates – P or P 2 0 5, Potash – K or K 2 O, Calcium- CaO or Ca, Magnesium - MgO or Mg.

5. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Classification Straight fertilizers: N, P, or K; Compound fertilizers: NP compounds; NK compounds; PK compounds; NPK compounds.

6. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Essential elements Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O); Primary nutrients: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P 2 0 5 ), Potassium (K 2 0); Secondary nutrients: Sulphur (S), Calcium (CaO), Magnesium (MgO) Micronutrients: Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Chlorine (Cl)

7. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Conversion factors for major nutrients P 2 0 5 x 0.4364 = P P x 2.2919 = P 2 0 5 K 2 0 x 0.8302 = K K x 1.2046 = K 2 0 CaO x 0.7147 = Ca Ca x 1.3992 = CaO Mgo x 0.6030 = Mg Mg x 1.6582 = MgO

8. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Commonly used straight nitrogenous fertilizers Straight Nitrogenous Fertilizers % N % N Ammonium sulphate 21 20 - 21 Ammonium nitrate 33.5 30 - 35 Ammonium sulphate nitrate 26 Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) 26 20.5 - 30 Sodium nitrate 16 Calcium nitrate 15.5 Urea 46 44 - 46 Anhydrous ammonia (direct application) 82 Aqua ammonia 20.5 10 - 30 Urea ammonium nitrate 32 26 – 32 Ammonium chloride 25

9. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Commonly used straight phosphatic fertilizers Straight Phosphatic Fertilizers % P 2 0 5 % P 2 0 5 Single superphosphate (SSP) 18 16 - 22 Concentrated superphosphate 30 or 32 23 - 39 Triple superphosphate (TSP) 46 45 - 48 Basic slag 14 8 - 18 Ground rock phosphate (direct application) 30 23 - 35 Fused magnesium phosphate 20 19 - 20

10. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Commonly used straight potassic fertilizers Straight Potassic Fertilizers % K 2 0 % K 2 0 Potassium chloride (muriate of potash) 60 59 - 61 Potassium chloride with magnesium 40 39 - 41 Potassium sulphate 50 48 - 52 Potassium magnesium sulphate 22 or 30 21 - 30 Ammonium Phosphates Examples of grades Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 18–46-0 Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) 11-52-0 11- (50-55) - 0 Ammonium polyphosprate 10-34-0

11. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Commonly used potassium nitrate fertilizers Potassium nitrate 13 – 0 - 47 NP, PK, NK and NPK compounds Numerous grades, for example: 20-20-0, 16-20-0, 13-13-21, 15-15-15, 17-17-17, 12-24-12, 20-10-10, 23-23-0, 25-5-5.

12. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content and fertilizer grade ammonium sulphate has 21% N 100 kg of ammonium sulphate product contains 21 kg N. superphosphate has 18% P 2 0 5 100 kg of single superphosphate product contains 18 kg P 2 0 5 potassium chloride contains 60% K 2 0 100 kg of potassium chloride product contains 60 kg K 2 0.

13. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content and fertilizer grade For example, diammonium phosphate containing 18% N and 46% P 2 0 5 is expressed as 18-46-0. A compound fertilizer 12-6-6 contains 12 kg N, 6kg of P 2 0 5 and 6kg of K 2 0. The "nutrient ratio" refers to the ratios of the three nutrient analyses e.g. the 12-6-6 fertilizer referred to above has a 2:1:1 ratio.

14. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Time periods No standard time period for reporting fertilizer statistics; Calendar year basis; Split year basis - July/June; Other time periods used; Use of a standard, calendar year (January to December) advised. This provides possibility to relate the fertilizer consumption to agricultural production, yield, etc.

15. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content calculation - N FertilizerNutrient Content Material Tonnes Nutrient N Straight nitrogenous fertilizers Ammonium sulphate 21 % N2153452 Calcium ammonium nitrate 26 % N587153 Urea 46% N32861512 Sub Total 60262117

16. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content calculation - P FertilizerNutrient Content Material Tonnes Nutrient P 2 O 5 Straight phosphatic fertilizers Single superphosphate 18% P 2 O 5 1511272 Triple superphosphate 18% P 2 O 5 38561774 Sub Total 53672046

17. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content calculation - K FertilizerNutrient Content Material Tonnes Nutrient K 2 O Straight potassic fertilizers Muriate of potash60 % K2082004920 Sulphate of potash50 % K2025621281 Sub Total107626201

18. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content calculation – N, P, K Fertilizer Complex Nutrient Content Material Tonnes Nutrient N Nutrient P 2 O 5 Nutrient K 2 O Ammonium phosphate sulphate (16-20-0)56188991124 Diammonium phosphate (18-46-0)48168672213 NPK compound (20-10-10)64001280640 Sub Total 1683430463977640 Grand Total 38989516395566841

19. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Further information and acknowledgements Further information available at: FAO Statistics Division: http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-agri/ess-resource-meth/en/ http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-agri/ess-resource-meth/en/ FAOSTAT Fertilizers: http://faostat.fao.org/site/575/default.aspx#ancor http://faostat.fao.org/site/575/default.aspx#ancor Acknowledgements: The input of Dominic Ballayan and Simona Mosco is very much appreciated in preparing this presentation.