1. COLONIAL SOCIETY ON EVE OF REVOLUTION Ch. 5

2. DEMOGRAPHICS Population 1700 300,000 20,000 black 1775 2.5 million 500,000 black Average age was 16 years

3. DEMOGRAPHICS Immigration Between 1700 & 1775=400,000 German Pennsylvania “Dutch” Scots-Irish “Frontier” “Paxton Boys”

4. PAXTON BOY’S Village of Paxton in Western Pennsylvania Mostly Scots-Irish immigrants Harassed by Natives Requests for soldiers or guns ignored by Quaker legislators December 1763-group raided small settlement of peaceful Indians Governor issued warrants, but frontiersmen refused to turn in the perpetrators

5. PAXTON BOYS Tried to raid a second Indian settlement, but escaped to Philadelphia and were protected Upset that the government would spend tax money to protect Indians but not frontier January 1764-group of approx. 1,500 began march to Philadelphia (capital) Public panic Ben Franklin intercedes and provides meeting between Paxton Boys and legislators No significant outcome

6. PAXTON BOYS Results Earliest example of regional and Social conflicts Urban v. Rural New Indian “problem” belief Can no longer live in peace Only solutions are relocation and extermination

7. LITERACY Before Enlightenment-books to expensive & took to much time read Invention of hand operated printing presses Best for pamphlets and newspapers 1735-John Peter Zenger Trial Freedom of the Press

8. GOVERNMENT By 1775 8 royal colonies-governor appointed by king 3 proprietary colonies-governor appointed by owner 2 self-governed colonies-elected governor Every colony-two house legislature with an upper house (appointed by crown or proprietor) & a lower house (elected by people Began more religious or property requirements for voting

9. ENLIGHTENMENT Use science and reason to explain things rather than religion Began in Europe Scientists-Sir Isaac Newton Philosophers-John Locke Natural rights and Social Contract Benjamin Franklin-epitome of American Enlightenment

10. GREAT AWAKENING Beginning of 1700s-religion less important 1730s & 1740s-Religious revival called Great Awakening Preachers-Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield Belief in God’s grace and forgiveness Revival Meetings Professed conversions Emotional outbursts Immediate baptisms

11. GREAT AWAKENING Emphasis on direct spirituality Created many new churches to compete with Anglican & Congregational (Puritan) Church Missionary work Founding of several colleges; Dartmouth, Brown, Rutgers, Princeton First mass movement among the colonies Effected every section of the colonies