1. 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 East Europan Leapfrogging Stanislav Šíma www.ces.net czechlight.cesnet.cz Open Access 2006

2. 2 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Author participates on Optical networks activity of CESNET research intent, Technology testing in Joint Research Activity of GN2, Global Lambda Integrated Facility (GLIF) activity, CzechLight facility, Porta Optica Study project and Phosphorus project. Presented ideas do not necessarily reflect an official opinion of the GLIF, GN2, CESNET or any other institution or project.

3. Open Access 2006 3 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Fibre optic cables in Africa l Fibres in Africa are comming l What can be advice for universities, researchers and governments? l Use world-wide experience, use up- to-date technology, avoid repeating of mistakes. l It looks simple..... l Problems are in details and in decisions about rules and priorities (as usually) (Map is used from Cisco web)

4. Open Access 2006 4 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Research networking is investment to the development of society l Research networking supports education, prosperity and development in other sectors of society l Research networking stimulates international collaboration and funding l Research networks are high-end products, using multiple 10 Gb/s transmission rates today. This strongly stimulates information technology development and application. (Map is used from Duncan Martin presentation)

5. Open Access 2006 5 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Remember l The Internet had its origins in the world of research and universities and research networks are still the most advanced part of the Internet l Close collaboration of universities and research institutions is success factor for research networking (used mostly also for education, health care etc.) l Research networks –are an important source of Internet innovation –are largely funded from taxpayers’money –contribute to information technology innovation and deployment, and hence to economic prosperity l The research networking environment drives the development of the Internet –It develops new technologies and services –It produces university graduates who expect advanced information technology applications l Consortiums of universities and research institutions (country-wide, region- wide, project-wide, continent-wide etc.) are responsible for inception, design, management and maintenance of research networks

6. Open Access 2006 6 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Knowledge is key l Electronic and photonic technology development is tremendous source of innovation of legacy optical networks, especialy: –photonics transmission systems (including fibres, lasers, receivers, dispersion compensators, optical switches etc.) –photonic integrated circuits (multiple OEO conversion on chip, etc.) –programmable hardware (FPGA etc.) l Improvement of transmission parameters and cost is so strong, that the move towards advanced electronic and photonic technology in networking is a fundamental change that will not be reversed (remember story of mainframe computers in the age of integrated circuits) l Direct access to high-end electronic and photonic technology resources including fibres is a critical requirement of research networks – to stay in leading edge of Internet development, to promote research and education world-wide and as a spearhead for the development in other sectors of society

7. Open Access 2006 7 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Legacy research networks l Past approach to research networks design and deployment: –lease SDH/SONET from telco operator –buy or lease equipment from one of dominant vendors (mostly using backbone oriented architecture) l Main disadvantage: dependency on telco operator and equipment vendor during network life cycle, resulting mostly in slow innovation and high costs (in contradiction with research networking mission). Nevertheless, work for profit is not mistake of telco operators or equipment vendors. l This means consortium requirements concerning research networks design, deployment, operation and innovation should be improved

8. Open Access 2006 8 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Leapfrogging l Improvement of legacy research networks is rather difficult, time consuming and expensive l Well-known method is to build new research network, replacing gradually the old one l Dissemination of experience can avoid repeating of mistakes l Research networks which are building their infrastructure from scratch can avoid investing into concepts, equipment and technologies which are past l Lack of legacy can be an advantage (but lack of knowledge and lack of funding are always serious limitation) l We can speak about East Europan Leapfrogging in Czech Rep., Poland and Slovakia (although not in geographical sense)

9. Open Access 2006 9 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006

10. Open Access 2006 10 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Research networks vision l Research network life-cycle is from inception, design, management, maintenance and upgrades up to end of life (replacing by new research network) l Consortium is responsible for network life-cycle. Realization of above tasks can be fully or partially outsourced, if working capacity or special knowledge is missing in consortium (and funding is sufficient). l Consortium should maintain own ability to immediatelly use networking research results, results of fibre footprint development and new types of electronic and photonic products. l Important requests are: –Fibres (including last mile) dedicated to research network are crucial –Freedom of improvement and independency on vendors (mixed vendor approach) –Ability to quick return and correct design (including re-tendering etc.) –Interoperability of devices and Multisourcing (MSA) –Pre-procurrement with fibre providers and electronic and photonic industry (including collaboration on proposals of standards) l Customer Empowered Network (CEF) concept aims to support this vision

11. Open Access 2006 11 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 CEF Networks workshops l One of the most important opportunities to exchange ideas about Customer Empowered Fibre Networks world-wide research and development are workshops in Prague. You can see – presentations of CEF 2004 »http://www.ces.net/doc/seminars/20040525/http://www.ces.net/doc/seminars/20040525/ –presentations of CEF 2005 »http://www.ces.net/doc/seminars/20050516/http://www.ces.net/doc/seminars/20050516/ –presentations of CEF 2006 »http://www.ces.net/doc/seminars/20060529/http://www.ces.net/doc/seminars/20060529/ l CEF 2007 is planned to September 19-20th, 2007, together with GLIF annual workshop 17-18th, 2007 in Prague

12. Open Access 2006 12 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Steps to vision l Acquiring first dark fibre (324 km) for CESNET in 2000, STM-16 transmission l Using new advanced photonic products for 189 km STM-16 transmission without any in-line devices since 2002 (i.e. mixed vendor network design) l Bratislava (SK) – Brno (CZ) GE since 2003, now DWDM NIL over 190km l Cieszyn (PL) – Ostrava (CZ) GE since 2004, now DWDM n x 10 Gb/s l Brno (CZ) – Wien (AT) since 2006, DWDM NIL 8 x 10 Gb/s over 224 km l Upgrade of dark fibre lease service to lit fibre lease service is prepared for 4 dark fibre lines of CESNET network now (experiment with partial outsourcing) –no return to SDH or lambda lease for research networks –fibre provider will deliver more service (for example lease, installation and maintenance of DWDM lighting devices designed and managed by research network l For offer of full outsourcing see new announcement of Fiberco in US: –Offerings include but are not limited to: network architecture and design, installation, staging and implementation services, order management and asset tracking, and 24 x 7 x 365 operations support.

13. Open Access 2006 13 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 CESNET2 mixed lighting plan

14. Open Access 2006 14 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 DWDM NIL 8 x 10 Gb/s over 224 km l All devices have been installed only at the end points of the line in Brno (CZ) and Wien (AT) and no in-line elements have been deployed. l Nothing In Line (NIL) approach has been used and according to our knowledge, 8 times 10 Gb/s over 224 km of dark fibre is the longest NIL distance that has been reported for any research or ISP network. l The main advantage of NIL solution is represented by lower capital and operational costs and increased reliability.

15. Open Access 2006 15 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Enabled by advanced photonic technology l The fibre pair from Brno to Vienna has been equipped with CLA PB02 optical amplifiers, developed as a part of optical research activities of CESNET. l Chromatic dispersion of G.652 optical fibre has been compensated by new compensating elements – Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG). l Terminal routers are equipped with Xenpak DWDM pluggable optical transceivers. l First two companies have started CLA manufacturing. First ISP has started usage of CLA.

16. Open Access 2006 16 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 IP traffic statistics are available on-line l Brno - Vienna l http://www.cesnet.cz/provoz/zatizeni/ten155_mapa_static_ output/Line_usage_Brno-_ACONET.10min.current.html. http://www.cesnet.cz/provoz/zatizeni/ten155_mapa_static_ output/Line_usage_Brno-_ACONET.10min.current.html l All lines (actual, weeks, months) l http://www.cesnet.cz/provoz/zatizeni/ http://www.cesnet.cz/provoz/zatizeni/

17. Open Access 2006 17 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Dark Fibres are crossing Borders l Dark fibres connecting capitals or main PoPs, as in GEANT2 core or in National Lambda Rail (NLR) in US are crossing state borders, of course. l By Cross Border Fibre (CBF) we mean other fibres, connecting PoPs close to border l CBFs are usually short and non-expensive and carry high traffic between neighbour NRENs, saving expensive long distance fibres capacity l Research networks can provide long distance international lambdas using CBFs, national fibre footprints and DWDM technology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See next picture for European fibre footprint used for research networking – there are still big gaps, but many improvements are coming (e.g. in Nordunet countries- see 23rd Nordunet Conference)

18. Open Access 2006 18 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 European dark fibre footprint for research (draft)

19. Open Access 2006 19 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 To see more about the East Europe issue l There is a digital divide inside the European R&E community, and African colleagues can exploit some results of EU projects oriented to improvement: –The impact of SEEFIRE and SEEREN2 on research networking in southeast Europe, Valentino Cavalli, TERENA – Yannis Mitsos, GRNET, IST Event, Helsinki, 22 November 2006, http://www.seeren.org –Porta Optica Study (http://www.porta-optica.org/index.php)http://www.porta-optica.org/index.php »the Baltic States, Eastern Europe and Southern Caucasus regions l Porta Optica Study potential impact: 9 countries, 136 cities, 1354 scientific institutions, 728 higher education institutions, 2 307 150 university students

20. 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 20/24 20/11 Partners 20/12

21. Open Access 2006 21 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Serbia (AMREJ) – one SEEFIRE participant 3 PoPs (Subotica, Novi Sad, Kragujevac) are connected by 1Gbps Ethernet over leased dark fibres. PoP in Niš is connected with 1Gbps Ethernet over SDH service. l CBF connection to the Hungarian NREN (Subotica - Szeged). l Contracted dark fibre lines for AMREJ – see picture

22. Open Access 2006 22 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 B&H dark fibre plan l August 2006: SEEREN2 has enabled a second access port to GEANT2 using Dark Fibre (limited international IP commodity though) l September 2006: SEEREN2 is the first EU funded regional project that builds international cross border link based purely on dark-fibre services. Link to provide connectivity to 3 or more universities in B&H l Current status: –CWDM equipment delivered to BiH –Physical testing & measurements of the fibre almost completed l A few numbers: 255 Kilometers, 7 different spans, 5 installation in collocation centers l Support for 2 P2P links using GigE services

23. Open Access 2006 23 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006 Acknowledgement l All partners from CEF Networks and GLIF community, especially Jan Gruntorád and colleagues Lada Altmannová, Miroslav Karásek, Martin Míchal, Václav Novák, Jan Radil, Karel Slavíček, and Josef Vojtěch from CESNET Above colleagues are not responsible for any my mistake.