1. 3-Tier Architecture Chandrasekaran Rajagopalan Cs6704 11/01/99

2. Emergence File Sharing Architecture Client/Server architecture Two-Tier Architecture Three-Tier Architecture

3. File Sharing Architecture Server downloads files from shared location to Desktop environment Job is run at the desktop environment Works if Shared usage is low Data transferred is low Contention is low

4. File-Server Architecture

5. Client/Server Architecture Database server to replace File server Query based approach Reduced traffic, since required content is only transferred Improves multi-user updating RPC or SQL typically used

6. Two-Tier Architecture Example of C/S Architecture Improves scalability over File Sharing Architecture Consists of 3 components User system interface Processing Management Database Management

7. Two Tier Architecture

8. Two-Tier Architecture Limitations Performance deteriorates if number of users is greater than 100 Restricted flexibility and choice of DBMS, since data language used in server is proprietary to each vendor Limited functionality in moving program functionality across servers

9. Three-Tier Architecture To overcome the limitations of Two-Tier Architecture Middle tier between UI and DB Ways of incorporating Middle-Tier Transaction processing Monitors Application Servers Message Servers

10. 3-Tier with a TP Monitor Online access through Time sharing or Transaction Processing Client connects to TP instead of DB Monitor accepts transaction, queues it and takes responsibility until it is completed Asynchrony is achieved

11. 3-Tier with a TP Monitor

12. Key services provided by the monitor ability to update multiple different DBMS in a single transaction connectivity to a variety of data sources, including flat files non relational DBMS mainframe more scaleable than a 2-tier approach ability to attach priorities to transactions robust security For large (e.g., 1,000 user) applications, a TP monitor is one of the most effective solutions.

13. 3-Tier With a Messaging Server A message is a self-contained element (treated as objects) Message knows what it is,where to go, what to do (Intelligent) Contains two parts Message header Address, id and priority Body of the Message

14. Messaging Systems Designed for robustness Independent from underlying technologies (wired or wireless protocols) Use store& forward logic and provide message delivery after and around failures Don’t require persistent connection between Client and Server Easier to move to ORB-based 3TAs

15. Differences between monitor based and message based architectures Transactions Dumb Vs Intelligent Middle Tier Less flexible Vs More flexible Portability Less portable Vs More portable (Reason: middle layer not abstract from other layers)

16. 3 Tier with an Application Server Most of Application’s business logic is moved to Shared host server PC is used only for presentation services Approach is similar to X Architecture Both aim at pulling the main body of application logic off the desktop and running it on a shared host.

17. 3 Tier with an Application Server

18. Advantages to Application Designer Less software on client, hence less to worry about security Application is more scalable Less software maintenance cost Easier to design the application to be DBMS-agnostic Allows “after the fact” application partitioning

19. 3-Tier With an Object DBMS Using ODBMS as Middle layer ODBMS acts as “hot Cache” Retrieve, assemble and Store persistent until required For Generalized form of storage in DBMS (server) may be inadequate for specific application E.g: Voice or Video not supported by RDBMS

20. Distributed/Collaborative Enterprise Architectures Based on ORB technology Goes beyond CORBA by using shared, reusable business models(not just objects) Applications built with “plug & play”components Performance tuning can be made, by transferring processes

21. Distributed/Collaborative Enterprise Architectures same interface can be used for building a desktop, single location application or a fully distributed application application can be developed and tested locally technical issues like queuing, timing and protocols aren't an issue for the application developer

22. Future ?

23. References http://news.dci.com/geos/ http://javaexchange.com/dcb_white.html http://www.sei.cmu.edu/str/descriptions/ Distributed/Collaborative Enterprise Architectures Two Tier Software Architectures Three Tier Software Architectures Middleware Client Server Software Architectures