1. SOC101Y Introduction to Sociology Professor Robert Brym Lecture #2 22 Sep 10 Course Website http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/soc101y/brym http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/soc101y/brym

2. Volunteer Note Taker  A disabled student in this class requires a volunteer note taker. If you are willing to give this student your lecture notes, please go to http://www.studentlife.utoronto.ca/accessi bility/pcourselist.aspx for sign-up details. You will receive a certificate of recognition for your generosity. http://www.studentlife.utoronto.ca/accessi bility/pcourselist.aspx

3.  Culture is the sum of socially transmitted ideas, practices, and material objects that people create to overcome real-life problems. Culture gives us guidelines for how to act.  A society exists when people interact and share culture, generally in a geographically delimited area.

4. Hero’s Aeolopile, 1 st century c.e.

5. The Atanasoff-Berry Digital Computer, circa 1939

6.  Ethnocentrism involves judging another culture exclusively by the standards of one’s own.  Cultural relativism is the belief that all elements of all cultures should be respected as equally valid.

7. Prevalence of Cliterectomy in Africa Prevalence over 90% in:  Egypt  Guinea  Eritrea  Djibouti  Mali  Somalia  Sierra Leone

8. Immigrants by Source Area, Canada, pre-1961 and 2005 (in percent) Before 1961 2005

9. Canada’s Foreign-Born Population by Continent of Birth, 1981-2031 Foreign-born Canadians as percent of population* 1881 14.0% 1931 22.2% 1981 15.8% 2006 19.8% 2031 26.5% * Percentages were read from a graph and are therefore approximate.

10. In the long run, do you think the scientific advances we are making will help or harm humankind? (percent who say “ will help ” ) Percent

11. Postmodernism involves:  The eclectic mixing of cultural elements from different times and places;  the erosion of authority; and  the decline of consensus around core values

12.  Rationalization is the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals and the often unintended, negative consequences of doing so.  A bureaucracy is a large, impersonal organization composed of many clearly defined positions arranged in a hierarchy. It has a permanent, salaried staff of qualified experts and written goals, rules and procedures. Staff members strive to achieve goals more efficiently.

13. Approximate Income, Cost and Profit per SOC101 Student, U of T, 1993 and 2010 Year19932010 Classes41 Students1,0001,400 TAs127 A. Tuition income per student$415$1,250 B. Personnel cost per student*$265$165 Net income per student (A-B)$150$1,085 Net income per student, 2010 $$200$1,085 * Excludes overhead

14.  Consumerism is a lifestyle that involves defining one’s self in terms of the goods one purchases.

15. Early 80s: Inventor of gansta rap ICE-T (Tracy Marrow) Now: Detective Finn, Law and Order SVU