1. Waterproofing by fine crystalline fibers inside the capillary pores By Naeem Sohail Saleem 240534

2. Content KRYSTOL INTERNAL MEMBRANE Description Advantages Advantages Figures Comparison Table Comparison Table KRYSTOL T1, T2 Description Features Features Conclusion

3. (KIM) KRYSTOL INTERNAL MEMBRANE (KIM) Description It is a powdered admixture, consisting of blended Portland cement and some chemicals. It is a powdered admixture, consisting of blended Portland cement and some chemicals. It is an admixture at concrete batching plants or at the job site. It is an admixture at concrete batching plants or at the job site. It involves a unique crystal growth process that is initiated throughout the concrete mass. It involves a unique crystal growth process that is initiated throughout the concrete mass. These crystals effectively seal all pores and cracks in the concrete. These crystals effectively seal all pores and cracks in the concrete. The KIM treatment is permanent as it forms an integral part of the concrete resulting in permanent protection. The KIM treatment is permanent as it forms an integral part of the concrete resulting in permanent protection.

4. Advantages KIM will provide protection against: Moisture Moisture The corrosion of reinforcing steel The corrosion of reinforcing steel Concrete shrinkage cracks Concrete shrinkage cracks Freeze/thaw damage Freeze/thaw damage Sulphates Sulphates

5. Also It will Reduce water demand It will Reduce water demand It will reduce porosity and permeability It will reduce porosity and permeability It prevent the washing away of other admixtures. It prevent the washing away of other admixtures. It will Increase compressive strength It will Increase compressive strength It will works as plasticizers It will works as plasticizers It will reduce the cost of It will reduce the cost of 1. Materials 2. Labor 3. Repair

6. Property Control Concrete Concrete with KIM Water permeability (m/s) 4.29 x 10 -14 1.28 x 10 -14 Drying shrinkage (%) 0.0400.030 Compressive strength (N/mm 2) 54.359 Water vapour permeability 561 x 10 -12 463 x 10 -12 Comparison Table

7. Figures

8. KRYSTOL T1, T2 Description Krystol T1 is a dry powder containing organic chemicals and cementitious materials. Krystol T1 is a dry powder containing organic chemicals and cementitious materials. When it goes into solution, the chemicals are drawn into the pores of the concrete. When it goes into solution, the chemicals are drawn into the pores of the concrete. Krystol T1 reacts with the concrete by forming hydration crystals which block the voids, microcracks within the concrete mass. Krystol T1 reacts with the concrete by forming hydration crystals which block the voids, microcracks within the concrete mass. Krystol T2, when mixed with water and applied to concrete, penetrates into the concrete mass protecting against the passage of water. Krystol T2, when mixed with water and applied to concrete, penetrates into the concrete mass protecting against the passage of water.

9. Features Stops water movement in concrete Stops water movement in concrete Waterproofs minor cracking Waterproofs minor cracking Protects reinforcing steel against corrosion Protects reinforcing steel against corrosion Provides a permanent treatment Provides a permanent treatment Used for indoor or outdoor applications Used for indoor or outdoor applications

10. Conclusion The use of these materials will Extend the life of the concrete dramatically The use of these materials will Extend the life of the concrete dramatically The result is a structure with reduced cracking, self sealing and water resistant abilities that provides defense against water damages and corrosion of reinforcement. The result is a structure with reduced cracking, self sealing and water resistant abilities that provides defense against water damages and corrosion of reinforcement.

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