1. RUNOFFS
BY: Mosammat Taher

2. WHAT IS A RUNOFF?
A run off is when water flows over land areas mixing with soil, minerals, and other contents, finally draining at a point.
Naturally, this point should be a channel such as rivers and lakes
These kind of points are known as nonpoint sources
Going over these surfaces, the water can be absorbed by the soil and ground, which is an important aspect of the water cycle

3. What Could Be the Problem?
Unfortunately, the surfaces for this water to flow over are not the best because the water has to go over man made materials. When it rains or snow melts, the water goes over: Roads, pavements, buildings, rooftops
Problem: the water that is supposed to be absorbed by the soil (which is known as aquifer) cannot do that; interrupting the water cycle
As the water flows over these surfaces, it gets pretty dirty and contaminated by the chemicals founds on these places: Pesticides, fertilizers, Oil, Dirt, Rubber, Garbage like plastic bags and bottles
Problem: Since this water ends up somewhere like a river , all these contaminants are now put into these major water sources
This is known as nonpoint source pollution

4. Effects on Environment
When roads are built, erosion occurs faster because the soil under is weak and the water can erode it much more quickly. The structures built can erode fast as well.
Water picks up rocks and sediments that fall into bottom on water sources causing block from sunlight, fish can choke thinking it’s food, and their mating/birthing areas become interrupted
Pesticides and fertilizers also fall into water sources polluting the water and harming reproduction and growth of organisms
Many oils, car exhausts, and heavy metals are dangerous and fatal to aquatic life
Affects ecosystems, niches, and populations

5. Effect on Humans
Drinking water supplies can be contaminated by polluted runoff. Humans who come in contact with polluted water and fish can experience harmful symptoms or even die.

6. Prevention. Control. Regulation
The Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) works with Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Agriculture and other agencies to find ways to control runoff pollution. They monitor and limit runoff pollution:
Don't pour oil, cleaners, or chemicals down drains or sinks.
Find chemical recycling or disposal facilities near you
Use lawn and garden chemicals scarcely
Before using fertilizer, check the weather for rain
Repair engine leaks immediately
Get Educated by programs
Educate f amily and friends

7. Solving Runoff Block by Block
by GreenTreks Network

8. Sources http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/facts/pollut.htm