1. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence1 From the ATLAS SCT endcap module production to the commisionning D. Ferrère, University of Geneva in behalf of the ATLAS SCT collaboration Overview:  Introduction of SCT  The endcap modules and the specifications  The module production and logistics  Production results: yield and statistics  The endcap macro-assembly: status and results  The integration and commissioning

2. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence2 Atlas Experiment Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter Barrel Toroid Good tracking performances that are required for:  Secondary vertices  Impact parameters resolution  Track isolation  Measurement of high momentum particles Main physics motivation is the search for the Higgs boson, but not only given the large range of physics opportunities!

3. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence3 The SCT Semiconductor Tracker 4 barrels 5.6 m 1.04 m 1.53 m SCT is made of 4088 modules: ~ 61 m 2 of silicon 15,392 silicon wafers ~ 6.3 million of readout channels Endacp A: 9 wheels Endacp C: 9 wheels Layout was done such that 4 space points can be reconstructed

4. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence4 Endcap module types 1976 modules mounted on the 2 endcaps: 936 Outer Forward Modules 640 Middle Forward Modules (incl. 80 Short Middle) 400 Inner Forward Modules A module consists of 768 readout strips on each side with a constant angular pitch pointing towards the center of the wheel. Pitch between 70 to 90  m. Middle short

5. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence5 Expanded view of an outer module 2 detectors strip-chained and readout at one end by 6 binary chips (ABCD3T) on each side  768 readout strips per side. Clock, control and signal are transmitted optically. Detectors are mounted back to back with a 20 mrad stereo angle.

6. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence6 Module requirements Electrical specifications: (Based on a full set of digital/analog chip characterization + bias tests) Noise occupancy at 1 fC less than 5x10 -4 also related to the input noise Less than 1 % dead channels ( 15/1536 ) – From the response curve test Detector current less than 20  A at 350V per detector. Long Term Test (LTT) operation for 18-24 hours cold: > thermistor on hottest part of hybrid at ~10 ºC > Chip and detector biases and currents should remain stable top side bottom side

7. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence7 Module requirements Mechanical specifications: XY alignment - 13 parameters defined but critical are – Front-to-back detector alignment: midYF within ± 5  m – Individual detector angles: a1 to a4 within ± 130 mrad – Mounting hole and slot alignment: mhx, mhy and msy within ± 20  m Z detector profile – 50 points are focused on the Si-detectors and per module side. None of them should exceed ± 115  m envelope. Chip and fanins must be assembled within a defined envelope to avoid clashes with neighbor modules The alignment and the profile must survive 10 thermal cycles between +35 ºC down to –30 ºC Ceramic mounting surface should be clear of cracks (very fragile part) 13 XY alignment parameters50 Z focus points for the module profile

8. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence8 Module production and endcap flow diagram Module Production and QA Cluster Complete Fanin production (CNM Barcelona) Spine Production (Protvino) Hybrids (Cicorel + Freiburg) Others: Washers, glue EndCap C macro-assembly Liverpool (UK) EndCap A macro-assembly Nikhef (NL) In progress... Hybrid QA Site Spine QA & rework (CERN) ID Installation CERN ATLAS pit May/June 2006 ID Integration Tests and cosmic run CERN SR1 January 2006March 2006 Si-Detectors (Hamamatsu & CiS) Cracow INP Freiburg Univ. CLRC, RAL Freiburg Univ. Geneva Univ.  CERN Manchester Univ.  Liverpool, Glasgow MPI, Munich  Prague Charles Univ, Prague Czech Tech. Univ. Melbourne  CERN Nikhef Valencia

9. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence9 Module assembly resources - 7 assembly sites in total involving 12 institutes or Universities - Up to 6 technicians/site (~3 FTE) for the module assembly - Up to ~8 physicists and PhD per site (~2 FTE) for the module QA - Component selection and reception tests ~2h - Alignment and assembly of detectors~2h + 24h glue curing - Detector current check and visual inspection~40min - Assembly with hybrids and fanins~1h30 + 24h glue curing - Wire bonding~3h - Detector current check and visual inspection~15min - Metrology survey~30min - Thermal cycling~18h - Metrology survey~30min - Electrical characterization~2h30 - Long Term Test electrical characterization~24h - Inspection and packing for storage~20min From start to the end a module fabrication takes ~9 working days/module! In practice a module is issued after 3 to 4 weeks!

10. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence10 Module assembly procedure Detector alignment Assembly with spine Assembly with hybrid and fanins Wire bonding

11. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence11 Endcap module production Production Started in June 03 and completed in May-June 05 Total : 2377 Outer : 1106 Middle : 775 Inner : 496 Number of modules were made with a 20% contingency to allow up to 15% lost at the production sites and 5% at the macro-assembly sites. Max production rate: ~55 modules/week Outer : 94.7% MidL : 94.4% MidS : 88.3% Inner : 87.4% Average yield : 93.1% Front side of an outer module

12. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence12 Few illustrations of problems found – Part of the learning curve Si surface Teflon surface Detector scratches due to trapped debris into the teflon surface of the transfer plate. Module is out of detector current specs! Detector broken due to debris that was sticking on the backplane. This happened when sucking down on the miniature alignment stage. Module is broken! The spacer mounted on the spine was glued with an angle and clash during the assembly was unavoidable but impossible to anticipate. Module was aborted!

13. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence13 Electrical QA results Out of specs Good Out of specs

14. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence14 Mechanical QA results Good Pass midyF specification inside ± 5 microns mhy specification inside ± 20 microns Good Some stats on essential XY alignment parameters Stereo angle specification 20 ± 0.13 mrad. Defined between front and back detector axis. Good

15. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence15 Mechanical QA results Front and rear detector profile GoodPass ZminF Good

16. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence16 Endcap macro-assembly Disk 5A in Module to Disk stand at NIKHEF Liverpool: Endcap C & Nikhef: Endcap A 52 outer and 40 inner modules Front side 40 middle modules Rear side

17. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence17 Endcap C disk testing results (Liverpool) Outers: 1576e- Middles: 1529e- Inners: 1070e- Short Middles: 907e- Average Input noise on the complete endcap C Endcap A has similar results so far...

18. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence18 Endcap C disk Thermal study (Liverpool) T coolant = -22 ºC, T ambient = -8 ºC Average±RMS: Hybrid main point: - 20.8 ± 0.8 ºC Detector-end temp: -18.5 ± 0.6 ºC (T. Jones)

19. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence19 Endcap status Endcap C (Liverpool): Module to disc completed and tested Discs 9 to 5 in cylinder FSI to mount on discs 1 to 4 Service to cylinder started: cooling, LMT, fibers, DCS Delivery to CERN in January 06 Endcap A (Nikhef): Module to disc completed from 9 to 5 Disks 9 to 7 in cylinder Disk 5 under test Modules to be mounted on disc 4 Services to discs on disc 1 & 3 to do Services to cylinder started: cooling, LMT, fibers, DCS Delivery to CERN in March 06 EC-C cylinder with discs 6 to 9 at Liverpool EC-A Disk 8A inserted into cylinder at Nikhef

20. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence20 Integration and commissioning at CERN SR1 1. The 2 ECs will arrive at CERN in January 06 and March 06 2. Reception tests: visual inspection, leak test and electrical tests 3. Final SCT assembly 4. Integration with TRT 5. Combined tests SCT/TRT - 9 SCT discs will be tested together on 1 sector 6. Installation into the pit foreseen in May and June 06 Cantilever stand with 1 endcap TRT trolley in aligned position for the integration

21. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence21 Conclusions SCT is one of the largest Si-Tracker (~61 m2). A lot of expertise is essential from physicists, engineers and technicians in various fields such as: physics, mechanics, electronics, computing, thermodynamics,... Even with the strict requirements, a module yield as high as 93.1% was achieved. 2377 modules have been built and 1976 will be used in SCT. The EC module production was a great success and experience in all the assembly sites: 7 sites involving 12 universities and institutes. Modules are completely mounted on discs for EC-C and half for EC- A and module performances are as expected! The macro-assembly, service assembly, integration and commissioning are on the way or about to start at Liverpool, Nikhef and at CERN. The installation into the pit is close: May 06 and June06.

22. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence22 Extra slides

23. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence23  23 overlapping interactions every bunch crossing (at the full Luminosity)  A bunch-bunch crossing every 25ns (40MHz)  Maximum equivalent 1 MeV neutron fluence after 10 years is ~ 2.10 14 n/cm 2  Operating temperature on silicon detectors is -7 o C to contain the reverse annealing and the leakage current BUT the maintenance will likely require yearly warm-up of 2 days at 20 o C and 2 weeks at 17 o C  Operation in a 2 Tesla solenoid field  Material < 0.4 X 0 at the outer SCT envelope  SCT coverage up to  =2.5  More than 99% hit efficiency is required Running conditions and features

24. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence24 Module components Hybrid: - 6 copper-kapton layers laminated onto a carbon-carbon substrate - Equipped with 12 ABCT3T readout chips and opto-chips for clock/control and readout Detectors: - 5 detector types made in 4 inch wafers by 2 manufacturer (Hamamatsu and CiS) - 770 strips (1 st and last not readout) of 20 micron width with an average pitch of ~80  m Fanins: -Aluminum strips on glass used for electrical connection and thermal isolation between hybrid and detectors. Different sets for the 3 module types. - 4 items per module: 2 left and 2 rights Spine: -Made of TPG (Thermal Pyrolytic Graphite) for the excellent thermal conductivity and AlN ceramic pieces for the mechanical stiffness. All in one single item during the module assembly. Location pads: -very precise hole and slot made on an Aluminium washer and glue onto FR4 piece. The slot washer is glued on the spine and the hole is overlapping the hybrid and the spine.

25. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence25 SCT production Database Oracle DB (kernel 9i) Why? Traceability of the items, shipped items, assemblies and tests that had been made Most of the relevant test data and parameters were stored in structured way otherwise stored in raw data Useful GUI has been made either for upload or report thanks to: – Java applications for massive data upload – Web interfaces (SQL form) for individual data access or report – Java or other applications coupled with root display for statistics and reports Encourages auto-discipline. Data transparent to all the collaboration and DB entries were one of the requirements to be qualified for the module production.

26. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence26 Electrical QA results Long Term Test (LTT) After some stats decreased from 24h to 18h duration Very rare problems found with the modules (0.05%)! In principles problems are detected earlier during hybrid LTT.

27. October 05, 2005D. Ferrère, RD05 Florence27 Endcap macro-assembly