1. 1 October 8, 2004, Warsaw Development of Fuel Cells in France : Organization and Results Daniel Clément Françoise Barbier Coordinators of PACo network

2. 2 October 8, 2004, Warsaw PACO The Fuel Cell Research and Innovation Network (www.reseaupaco.org) Founded in June 1999 by the French ministry of research to:  Encourage public-private partnerships for joint R&D activities and facilitate interdisciplinary cooperation  Promote the emergence of a number of industrial activities  Support funding of selected R&D projects (labelling decision).

3. 3 October 8, 2004, Warsaw Expert's report Labelling decision R&D work by consortium Proposal of R&D project by consortium participants Final report evaluation of results Bottom-up strategy Funding decision PACo organization Coordination Team Point of contact Executive Bureau Funding organizations included (Ministries of Research, Industry, Transport, ADEME) Steering Committee Strategic priorities

4. 4 October 8, 2004, Warsaw PACo Activity  More than 60 teams  52 approved projects  Public funding ~ 10 M€/year (Ratio funding: ~ 45 %) Funding by governmental entities

5. 5 October 8, 2004, Warsaw PACo R&D Areas (1)  Hydrogen and other fuels Hydrogen storage - Pressurized gas containers (pressure up to 700 bar) - Carbon materials (active carbon,…) -Metal hydrides Development of small reformers - Compact (1-5 kW) and low cost reformers (NG, gasoline, biomass fuels…) - Different processes: SR, POX, auto-thermal, non catalytic hybrid steam reforming - Improvements: efficiency, capacities, response time, purification

6. 6 October 8, 2004, Warsaw PACo R&D Areas (2)  Fuel cell systems and demonstrations PEMFC - Membranes: temperature (120-150°C), durability - New catalysts - MEA, BP (materials, design) - System design and integration - Degradation mechanisms SOFC - New materials at reduced temperature (< 750 °C) - Materials for internal reforming - Interconnection materials - Stack architecture - Degradation mechanisms DAFC (methanol, ethanol) - New materials (membranes, catalysts…)

7. 7 October 8, 2004, Warsaw AXANE is a wholly owned AIR LIQUIDE subsidiary EVOPAC™: A modular concept which offers a power range, from 500W to 10kW for multiple uses, from portable generators to small stationary and/or transport applications. Picture of the activity in France: Emergence of fuel cell makers HELION is a Technicatome group's subsidiary of the holding Areva (PEMFC for submarine applications, back-up systems) ROLLER PAC™: an application of EVOPAC™ a 2 kW 110-230 V AC power generator BACK PAC ™: A portable fuel cell system 110-230 V AC - 12 V DC 48 V DC power source 2002 PolarPac (Ice cap mission) 2003 RollerPac (Hanovre fair)

8. 8 October 8, 2004, Warsaw Transport applications TAXI PAC Peugeot H 2 O (Octobre 2002) Gaseous H2 700 bars (Mars 2001) Onboard H 2 storage Peugeot Onboard H 2 production Renault Development of onboard fuel processor for PEM fuel cell vehicles 2004 gasoline power plant layout in SCENIC II vehicle

9. 9 October 8, 2004, Warsaw Public research organisations CEA, CNRS, IFP, INRETS, INERIS, CSTB, UTBM, Universities, Fuel cell makers System Integration System Integration Axane, Helion, SNECMA Materials and components SNPE-SME Saint-Gobain, Ullit, Composites Aquitaine Energy suppliers Energy services EDF, Dalkia, Alstom, Areva Fuel processor makers N-GHY, CETH Oil companies Gas suppliers Air Liquide, GDF, Total The players in the fuel cell innovation system End Users Renault, PSA, Irisbus,Valeo Schneider, Thales Governmental entities Ministries, ADEME Europe FP6 European Hydrogen Platform International IPHE

10. 10 October 8, 2004, Warsaw Significant technological advances progress on stack compacity (1,5 kW/l) and efficiency (> 45 % at P max ) decrease in membrane thickness: from 200 µm to 25-50 µm (and now 10 µm) reduction in catalyst loading (x 10): Pt loading < 0,4 mg/cm2 better tolerance of catalysts to impurities (100 ppm CO) system simplification

11. 11 October 8, 2004, Warsaw PACo R&D Areas (3)  Cross-cutting actions  Codes and standards  Safety  Techno-economic analysis  Information access: Internet portal (www.reseaupaco.org) Free source for fuel cell news and events, technological look out (http://veille.reseaupaco.org) Plate-forme de veille et d'animation du réseau

12. 12 October 8, 2004, Warsaw Implementation of PAN’H : a national program on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Strengthen international cooperation 1. European Hydrogen Platform 2. International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy (IPHE) Future