1. Journal What is the best tactic to use to change someone’s mind? A gentle approach? A scare tactic? Which works best on you? Which tactic would you use? Explain. What is the best tactic to use to change someone’s mind? A gentle approach? A scare tactic? Which works best on you? Which tactic would you use? Explain.

2. Puritanism

3. Journal A sense of morality may keep you from cheating on a test. In other words, you know cheating is wrong. There are other reasons for behaving morally. Some people are anxious to please. Others fear the consequences of breaking the rules. A sense of morality may keep you from cheating on a test. In other words, you know cheating is wrong. There are other reasons for behaving morally. Some people are anxious to please. Others fear the consequences of breaking the rules. Is fear a good motivator? Explain why or why not. Is fear a good motivator? Explain why or why not. Explain how other factors may keep people from violating standards of morality. Explain how other factors may keep people from violating standards of morality.

4. Lesson Essential Question How did religion shape the literature of the Puritan period? How did religion shape the literature of the Puritan period? Consider Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation, Bradstreet’s poetry, Edwards’s sermon, and Miller’s The Crucible. Consider Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation, Bradstreet’s poetry, Edwards’s sermon, and Miller’s The Crucible.

5. I’m Henry the VIII, I am… King Henry VIII of England split with the Catholic Church over divorcing his wife; he created his own church, the Church of England (Anglican) King Henry VIII of England split with the Catholic Church over divorcing his wife; he created his own church, the Church of England (Anglican) Early 1600’s, most Englishmen and women belonged to Church of England Early 1600’s, most Englishmen and women belonged to Church of England Catholics and Anglicans pretty much alike, but loathed each other Catholics and Anglicans pretty much alike, but loathed each other

6. Close, but no cigar Henry outlawed Catholic Church, but small group unsatisfied; wanted to “purify” Anglican Church of all traces of Catholicism Henry outlawed Catholic Church, but small group unsatisfied; wanted to “purify” Anglican Church of all traces of Catholicism Small group known as Puritans (those who left the church were Separatists) Small group known as Puritans (those who left the church were Separatists)

7. Why such a fuss? Wanted to purify Church, return to more primitive principles Wanted to purify Church, return to more primitive principles Puritanism seen as radical movement Puritanism seen as radical movement Persecuted harshly Persecuted harshly Seeking religious freedom Seeking religious freedom Theocracy Theocracy

8. The Land of the Free King James I: Attend Church of England or be imprisoned; many refused King James I: Attend Church of England or be imprisoned; many refused Boarded Mayflower and set sail for Virginia Boarded Mayflower and set sail for Virginia

9. Satan, sin, and guilt Puritan New World vision: soldiers in a war against Satan, the Arch-Enemy, who sowed discord among Christians Puritan New World vision: soldiers in a war against Satan, the Arch-Enemy, who sowed discord among Christians Constant fight against temptation and lure of evil Constant fight against temptation and lure of evil

10. Calvinism…but no Hobbes Puritanism based on Calvinism, a strict religious doctrine started by John Calvin Puritanism based on Calvinism, a strict religious doctrine started by John Calvin Total depravity Total depravity Unconditional election Unconditional election Limited atonement Limited atonement Irresistible grace Irresistible grace Perseverance of “Saints”/ Predestination Perseverance of “Saints”/ Predestination

11. Jonathan Edwards 1703-1758 Child prodigy: at age 10, Edwards wrote essay on nature of the soul Child prodigy: at age 10, Edwards wrote essay on nature of the soul Entered Yale at 13; graduated Valedictorian at 17; received Master’s, ordained by 24 Entered Yale at 13; graduated Valedictorian at 17; received Master’s, ordained by 24 At 26, took over grandfather’s ministry, preached Calvinism At 26, took over grandfather’s ministry, preached Calvinism 1731: “God Glorified in Man’s Dependence” 1731: “God Glorified in Man’s Dependence” 1734: “Reality of Spiritual Light”

12. Edwards (continued) 1738: George Whitefield, popular British Calvinist evangelist, visits America 1738: George Whitefield, popular British Calvinist evangelist, visits America 1740: Edwards joins Whitefield; the two spark Great Awakening 1740: Edwards joins Whitefield; the two spark Great Awakening “Sinners” stresses Calvinist belief in predestination, human sin, “Sinners” stresses Calvinist belief in predestination, human sin, and God’s power

13. Edwards, “the last Puritan” Like Cotton Mather(Puritan minister) and other Puritan ancestors, he believed in Like Cotton Mather(Puritan minister) and other Puritan ancestors, he believed in The lowliness of humans in relation to God’s majesty The lowliness of humans in relation to God’s majesty The ultimate futility of merely human efforts to achieve salvation The ultimate futility of merely human efforts to achieve salvation Like Franklin, he believed in Like Franklin, he believed in Reason and learning Reason and learning Value of independent intellect Value of independent intellect Power of human will Power of human will Stood between Puritan America and modern America, fitting into neither world

14. sermon A form of religious persuasion in which a speaker urges listeners to behave in a more spiritual and moral fashion A form of religious persuasion in which a speaker urges listeners to behave in a more spiritual and moral fashion Shaped by purpose, audience, and context Shaped by purpose, audience, and context

15. emotional appeals Messages designed to persuade an audience by creating strong feelings rather than by providing facts and evidence Messages designed to persuade an audience by creating strong feelings rather than by providing facts and evidence Writers often use tone, imagery, and figurative language to make these appeals. Writers often use tone, imagery, and figurative language to make these appeals. appeal to fear – taps into people’s fear of losing their safety or security appeal to fear – taps into people’s fear of losing their safety or security appeal to pity – takes advantage of people’s sympathy and compassion for others appeal to pity – takes advantage of people’s sympathy and compassion for others appeal to vanity – relies on people’s desire to feel good about themselves appeal to vanity – relies on people’s desire to feel good about themselves

16. Vocabulary Preview for “Sinners” Write a synonym for each of the following words: executions refuge arbitrary uncovenanted forbearance wrath singe induce