1. What is this?

2. Objectives Draw and label the structure of a chloroplast as seen in electron micrographs. Explain the relationship between the structure of the chloroplast and its function. Explain the light dependent reactions. Explain photophosphorylation in terms of chemiosmosis. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

3. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

4. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

5. Sites 1.Light dependent reactions occur in the grana, which are stacks of thylakoid membranes. The large surface area of these membranes maximises light absorption 2. Light independent reactions occur in the fluid stroma. This contains the enzymes of the Calvin cycle Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and involves two distinct stages:

6. Label the key features. Explain the key features. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

7. Thylakoid space space The small space within the grana of the thylakoid membranes ensures accumulation of protons during chemiosmosis

8. An overview Light dependent stage Light independent stage

9. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

10. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

12. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

13. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

14. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

15. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

16. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

17. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

18. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

19. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

20. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

21. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

22. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

24. Cyclic photophosphorylation Chlorophyll e-e- e-e- electron acceptor light ATP ADP + P i

25. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation Photosystem II Photosystem I electron acceptor e-e- e-e- e-e- ATP ADP + P i light H2OH2O e-e- 2H + 2H ½O 2

26. NADP e-e- 2H + 2H NADP + NADPH + H + To the light independent reaction

27. Photolysis of water 4 H 2 O → 4 H + + 4 OH - 4 OH - - 4 e - → O 2 + 2 H 2 O Photosystem II NADP +

28. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

29. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

30. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

31. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis

32. Outcomes 7: Explain the main stages in the light dependent reactions, making reference to how ATP is generated. 5: Describe the role of photolysis in the light dependent reactions. 3: Describe how oxidation and reduction reactions are involved in photosynthesis. Key terms: oxidation, reduction, photosystem, proton, electron, photolysis