1. Growth of Big Business Big Business= A large and powerful company that mass produces goods and employs many people.

2. Between the Civil War and World War I (1877-1914), the United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation

3. Agricultural= rural / farming Industrial= urban / factories

4. What caused the growth in industry? Access to raw materials and energy

5. Vast supplies of natural resources had been discovered in the U.S., including food, fuel and minerals. By the late 1800s, railroads carried raw materials like coal and iron ore from the mines to mills in Pittsburgh

6. What caused the growth in industry? Access to raw materials and energy Availability of work force due to immigration

7. Availability of work force immigrants Farmers who lost their jobs to machines

8. Availability of work force A large workforce was available due to –huge influx of immigrants, which caused the U.S. population to triple between 1860 and 1910 –increased migration to the cities from southern farms, where mechanization was decreasing the need for labor.

9. What caused the growth in industry? Access to raw materials and energy Availability of work force due to immigration Inventions

10. Bessemer process allowed coal and iron (raw materials) to be converted cheaply to steel sewing machines led to a huge textile industry in New England telegraph and telephone increased quality of communication hydroelectric power plants for electricity.

11. Inventions Bessemer Converter Sewing machine

12. What caused the growth in industry? Access to raw materials and energy Availability of work force due to immigration Inventions Financial resources

13. Financial Resources During this prosperous period, money was available to fund new industries.

14. What caused the growth in industry? F inancial Resources A vailability of work force due to immigration I nventions R aw materials & energy

15. What Is Industry vs. Big Business? Industry- a specific branch of manufacture or trade Big Business- a term used to describe large corporations, in either an individual or group sense

16. Which is Which? Industry (I) or Big Business (BB) WalMart – BB Steel – I Coal –I–I ExxonMobile –BB General Electric –BB Technology –I–I Dell Computers –BB Apple –BB

17. Examples of Big Business Railroads Oil Steel

18. Why was there a rise in big business? C aptains of Industry L ower-cost production A dvertising N ational markets created by transportation advances

19. National Markets A single manufacturer could use railroads and canals to ship goods to markets all around the U.S.

20. Advertising In order to increase sales, manufacturers began to develop strategies to advertise their products.

21. Lower-cost Production Big businesses could lower the cost of production with new technologies like assembly lines, standardized interchangeable parts, and the Bessemer process for making steel.

22. John D Rockefeller Captain of the Oil Industry. (Standard Oil) He was born in New York. Rockefeller started his first business when he was 7. He raised and sold turkeys. Rockefeller opened his first oil refinery in 1863. He was the richest man in the world. At one point he was worth what would be 310 BILLION DOLLARS today.

23. Captains of Industry John D. Rockefeller Rockefeller's Standard Oil owned each step in the oil production process from the drilling operations to the gas station pumps.

24. Andrew Carnegie Captain of the Steel Industry. Born in Scotland. Moved to America when he was 13. Grew up in a poor family. He worked hard and became one of the richest men in the world.

25. Captains of Industry Andrew Carnegie By using the latest technology and watching costs, Carnegie priced his steel below competitors. By 1900 he owned the world's largest industrial corporation - Carnegie Steel.

26. Cornelius Vanderbilt Captain of the Railroad & Shipping Industry. Started out as a steamboat entrepreneur. Nicknamed the “Commodore” Known for being ruthless Became one of the richest men in America

27. Captains of Industry Cornelius Vanderbilt Was an industrialist in railroads and shipping. His famous family and fortune made him one of the most influential Americans of his time. He funded Vanderbilt University.

28. Henry Ford Captain of the Automobile Industry. Born in Michigan. Completed his first car in 1903. 1903 the Model A is introduced. 1908 the Model T is introduced. It cost 980.00 1913 introduces the Assembly Line. The Model T was the most popular automobile in the country. After the assembly Line it only cost 280.00!

29. Captains of Industry Henry Ford Ford increased output in the auto industry with assembly line production.

30. USII – ‘izations’ Vocab Urbanization –the process of Americans moving from rural to urban areas –(More people live in cities) Industrialization –The process of industries growing in America –(a lot more factories) Mechanization –The process of America relying more on machines –Less work by hand