1. THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.
THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR QUIZZES and PRACTICAL TESTS.
STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STUDYING THEIR MANUAL AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS.

2. Lab # 9
Urinary System

3. Functions of the Urinary System
1- Regulates blood composition and blood pressure, as well as body fluid composition and volume
2- Regulates blood pressure by releasing rennin, which activates the rennin-angiotensin mechanism that raises the blood pressure
3- Regulates some metabolic reactions by converting vitamin D to its active form
4- Releases erythropoietin, which increases production of red blood cells
5- Helps to regulate blood pH by controlling the loss of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in the urine
6- Helps to regulate calcium ion levels by producing calcitriol

4. Overview of the Urinary System

6. Stomach Pancreas Spleen Kidney External Anatomy Hylus
Parietal peritoneum
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
Spleen
Kidney
Renal capsule
Adipose capsule
Renal fascia
It anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall
It helps protect the kidneys from trauma and maintains the kidneys in place
It protects the kidneys from trauma and infections

7. Internal Anatomy Renal column Cortex Parenchyma Medulla Renal pyramids
Blood vessels
Medulla
Renal pyramids
Renal sinus
Renal lobe
Renal papilla
Minor calyx
Renal pelvis
Major calyx
Ureter

8. 3- Blood Supply to the Kidney
Afferent arteriole
Arcuate artery
Nephron
Interlobular or cortical radiate arteries
Interlobar artery
Segmental artery
Renal artery
Renal vein
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries
Interlobar vein
Venules
Interlobular or cortical radiate veins
Arcuate vein
Interlobular or cortical radiate veins
Interlobular or cortical radiate arteries
Arcuate vein

9. Juxtamedullary nephron
Cortical nephron
Cortex
Glomerulus
Afferent arteriole
Juxtamedullary nephron
Efferent arteriole
It receives most of the total renal blood flow
Venule
Peritubular
capillaries
Cortical radial vein
Cortical radial artery
Arcuate artery
Corticomedullary junction
Medulla
Arcuate vein
Vasa recta
It receives 1% to 2% of the total renal blood flow

11. They are the filtering units of the kidney
2- Nephron
Renal tubule
They are the filtering units of the kidney
Connecting tubule
Renal corpuscle
Collecting duct

12. (Simple squamous epithelium)
1- Renal corpuscle
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus
Parietal layer
(Simple squamous epithelium)
Efferent arteriole
Pedicels & filtration slits
Arterial capillaries (Fenestrated endothelium)
Capsular space
Visceral layer
(Podocytes)
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Macula densa
Juxtaglomerular cells
Proximal convoluted tubule
Chemoreceptors that monitor the concentration of sodium
Mechanoreceptors that monitor blood pressure and volume. They contain granules of renin
Distal convoluted tubule
Afferent arteriole

13. Lamina densa (basement membrane Capillary endothelial cell
Filtration Membrane
Lamina densa (basement membrane
Capillary endothelial cell

15. Proximal convoluted tube Distal convoluted tube
Renal Tubule
Proximal convoluted tube
Distal convoluted tube
Connecting tubule
Collecting duct
Descending limb
Ascending limb
Papillary duct
Loop of Henle

18. The Ureters

19. The Urinary Bladder

21. The Urethra