1. HN 300 Unit 8 Seminar Implementing Human Services Madelyn Harvey, PhD

2. Slides developed by David H. Johnson Millersville University of Pennsylvania

3. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Services for individuals, families, groups, and communities  Five types of organizations:  Public Agencies  Private Not-for-Profit Corporations  Self-help Groups  Religious Organizations

4. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Social Security Act of 1935  Social Services Block Grants  Other Block Grants  Growth of Private Social Service Agencies for middle- and upper-class groups

5. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Children’s Aid Society  Children’s Home Society  Mary Ellen case (1874)  Child maltreatment: abuse and neglect

6. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  White House Conference on Children (1909)  Children’s Bureau (1912)  Social Security Act of 1935  AFDC-Foster Care (1961)  Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974 (CAPTA)  Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA)  Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008

7. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  As of September, 2006, children in substitute care: 439,000  Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (permanency planning law) required reasonable efforts prevent removal and placement of children in “least restrictive setting” close to parent’s home

8. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Safety and permanence paramount  Offered bonuses to states for increasing numbers of adoptions  Shortened timeline for filing termination of parental rights and timeframe for permanency hearing  Clarified “reasonable efforts” requirements

9. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  For youth age 18-21 transitioning from foster care to independent living; this Act offers financial and housing assistance, counseling, and other supportive services  Doubled federal spending for independent living programs

10. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Transracial adoptions  Focus on prevention  Preparation of child welfare workforce  Lack of funding for child welfare system

11. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Calls for a White House Conference on Children and Youth  Calls for expansion of healthcare to all children

12. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Older Americans Act of 1965  National Family Caregiver Support Program  Aging Network  Federal: Administration on Aging (DHHS)  State: Office varies from state to state  Local/Regional: Area Agencies on Aging

13. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Meals on Wheels  Senior centers (meals and socialization)  Transportation  Homemaker and chore services  Legal counseling  Home repair and renovation  Shopping, visitation, and telephone assurance

14. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Abuse and “self-abuse”  National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA)  Guardianship or conservatorship for persons unable to make decisions for themselves

15. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987 mandated regular evaluation of patient care plans, reduced use of physical restraints, and ensured greater protections of patients’ rights  Some homes still guilty of abuse and violation of care procedures

16. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Phillipe Pinel and “moral treatment”  Dorothea Dix  Effects of Industrial Revolution  Clifford Beers’ “mental hygiene movement”  Mental Health Act of 1946  Mental Health and Community Mental Health Center Construction Act of 1963

17. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Continuum from mental health to mental illness  NIMH’s major categories of mental disorders:  Mood disorders  Schizophrenia  Anxiety disorders  Eating disorders  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder  Autism  Alzheimer’s Disease

18. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) found about one-fourth of U.S. population over age 18 experienced a mental illness in the last year  45 percent of those with one mental disorder met the criteria for two or more disorders  About 23 million (9 percent) aged 12 or older are dependent upon or abused alcohol or drugs during the past year*

19. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Accounts for about 7.5 percent of nation’s healthcare spending  Public funds pay for 61 percent of treatment  Mental Health Parity Act of 1996  Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 – takes effect July 1, 2010

20. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Reagan: Office of National Drug Control Policy (Nancy Reagan’s “Just Say No”)  Focus and funding more on law enforcement than on treatment  U.S. leads the world in incarceration rates for drug use  Drug courts have had some success in bridging the gap to treatment

21. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Ritter, Just, and DiNitto  Questions or comments about child welfare policies and policies for the mentally ill and the aging population?