1. The Treaty of Versailles June 1919 This Powerpoint is hosted on www.worldofteaching.comwww.worldofteaching.com Please visit for 100’s more free powerpoints

2. The Big Four Woodrow Wilson USA David Lloyd-George Great Britain Georges Clemenceau France Vittorio Orlando Italy

3. The Big Four at Versailles in 1919

4. What did France want from the treaty? Security Revenge Reparations Clemenceau : The Tiger Clemenceau wanted to make sure that Germany could not invade France in the future. He was determined that Germany should be made to pay for the damage that had been caused in northern France by the invading German armies.

5. David Lloyd-George Reparations Germany’s Colonies Germany’s military to be severely limited Lloyd-George was elected on a promise to “squeeze the German pips until they squeak” Britain had suffered the greatest loss of shipping and wanted compensation for that. What did Britain Want?

6. Woodrow Wilson What did America Want? Woodrow Wilson wanted the treaty to be based on his Fourteen Points 1-5: Remove the causes of war 6-13: Nations for national groups 14: Creation of the League of Nations Wilson believed that his plan was sound and popular, and that the leaders of Europe would embrace it.

7. Negotiations Wilson was forced to trade and compromise on his first 13 points in order to get # 14. Wilson was forced to trade and compromise on his first 13 points in order to get # 14. He believed that the League could “fix” any of the problems in the treaty. He believed that the League could “fix” any of the problems in the treaty.

8. What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? To do with Germany’s armed forces : The German army was to be reduced to 100,000 men. It was not allowed to have tanks. Germany was not allowed an airforce The area known as the Rhineland was to be de-militarised The Allies were to occupy the west bank of the Rhine for fifteen years The German navy was to have no submarines or large battle- ships

9. 100,000 De-militarised The Military Clauses

11. Territorial Losses Germany lost ALL of her overseas colonies Alsace-Lorraine was given to France

12. The Rhineland was to be de- militarized

13. The Saar coalfields were given to France for fifteen years New nations created: Austria Hungary Poland Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia

15. "The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies." Article 231 The War Guilt Clause GERMANY ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR STARTING THE WAR

16. REPARATIONS Germany agreed to pay for the damage caused by her armies during the war. The sum she had to pay was later fixed at $ 64 billion or over 800 billion today.

17. Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria

18. How did Germans React to the Treaty? Germans thought the Treaty was a “diktat” : a dictated peace. They had not been invited to the peace conference at Versailles and when the Treaty was presented to them they were threatened with war if they did not sign it. The Treaty was NOT based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points as the Germans had been promised it would. Most Germans believed that the War Guilt Clause was unjustified. The French and British had done just as much to start the war The loss of territory and population angered most Germans who believed that the losses were too severe. Many Germans believed the German economy would be crippled by having to pay reparations.

19. Ratification Irreconcilables: Irreconcilables: Led by Hiram Johnson and William Borah, they will not ratify the treaty because it would “entangle” the U.S. Led by Hiram Johnson and William Borah, they will not ratify the treaty because it would “entangle” the U.S. Reservationists: Reservationists: Led by Henry Cabot Lodge, they want to make sure the treaty does not limit U.S. foreign policy Led by Henry Cabot Lodge, they want to make sure the treaty does not limit U.S. foreign policy

20. Ratification Wilson battles both sides Wilson battles both sides Ultimately, he suffers a stroke while traveling the country to rally support for treaty. Ultimately, he suffers a stroke while traveling the country to rally support for treaty. U.S. never ratifies, nor joins the League. U.S. never ratifies, nor joins the League.