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WORLD WAR I
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FIRST BATTLE OF THE MARNE September 1914
French transport soldiers by 2000 taxicabs to the front line TRENCH WARFARE : 2 Lines of trenches reach from the English Channel to Switzerland STALEMATE: Neither French or Germans gain ground SCHLIEFFEN PLAN is a failure – Germany must fight a two front war
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French Taxis to the Front
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Trench Life
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Trench Warfare
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Going Over the Top
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Charging into No-Man’s Land
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The Western Front
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Arial View
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Battle of Verdun February – November 1916
War of Attrition – wear the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses: 540,000 French casualties 430,000 Germans 700,000 French and German soldiers die
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Remains of Trenches Today
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The Eastern Front
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The Battle of Tannenberg August 1914
Germans surround Russians Germans surround Russians Of the 150,000 Russian troops: 95,000 captured 30,000 killed 10,000 escape Russian General Samsonov kills self rather than report back to Tsar Nicolas
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Tannenberg
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Russian Prisoners
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War Time “Planned Economies”
Price, wage, & rent controls Rationing of food supplies and materials Regulate imports and exports Take over of transportation and industries Women move into “male” jobs
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New Roles for Women
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Allied Victory 1917 – U.S. Enters war Fresh troops and Materials
Psychological boost
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Second Battle of the Marne July 1918
140,000 fresh American troops supported by 350 tanks push Germans back over the Marne
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Central Powers Collapse
With the arrival of 2 million more U.S. troops, Allied forces advance toward Germany 1st – Bulgarians & Ottoman Turks surrender German soldiers mutiny Kaiser Wilhelm steps down November 11, 1918 Germany and France sign an armistice: an agreement to stop fighting
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Legacy of WWI Technology brings war’s death and destruction on a global scale 8.5 Mil. Soldiers die 21 Mil. Wounded Countless civilians die of starvation, disease , & slaughter Drains treasuries of Europe $338 Billion Destruction of farms, industries, homes, villages, and cities
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