1. Frosina Jakimovska IV2

2. Crisis, what does it mean? A crisis is any event that is, or expected to lead to, an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, community, or whole society. Crises are deemed to be negative changes in the security, economic, political, societal, or environmental affairs, especially when they occur abruptly, with little or no warning. More loosely, it is a term meaning 'a testing time' or an 'emergency event'.security economicpoliticalsocietalenvironmentalaffairs warning

3. Types of crisis Potential crises are enormous, but crises can be clustered. Lerbinger categorized eight types of crises: 1. Natural disaster 2. Technological crises 3. Confrontation 4. Malevolence 5. Organizational Misdeeds 6. Workplace Violence 7. Rumours 8. Terrorist attacks/man-made disasters

4. 10 Rules of Crisis Management 1. Being Unprepared Is No Excuse. 2. You Know The Threats – Get Ready For Them. 3. Know What You Want To Say Before They Ask. 4. Admit That You Are Wing-It-Challenged. 5. Three Key Messages For Every Crisis (You really do need to have a plan, you need to show compassion for those that have been killed, hurt or simply inconvenienced and you need to commit to finding out what went wrong and taking the necessary steps to ensure that it doesn’t happen again. 6. Beware Of The Court Of Public Opinion. 7. You’ve Got 48 Hours. 8. Divide And Conquer 9. Get Outside Help. 10. Every Crisis Is An Opportunity.

5. Exxon Valdez oil spill The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska, on March 24, 1989, when Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker bound for Long Beach, California struck Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef and spilled 260,000 to 750,000 barrels of crude oil. It is considered to be one of the most devastating human- caused environmental disastersExxon Valdezoil tankerLong BeachPrince William SoundBligh Reef spilledcrude oilenvironmental disasters

6. The Valdez spill was the largest ever in US waters until the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in terms of volume released. However, Prince William Sound's remote location, accessible only by helicopter, plane, and boat, made government and industry response efforts difficult and severely taxed existing plans for response. The region is a habitat for salmon, sea otters, seals and seabirds.Deepwater Horizonoil spillhabitat salmonsea otterssealsseabirds

7. Bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 Pan Am Flight 103, also commonly referred to as the Lockerbie bombing, was the bombing of a Pan Am transatlantic flight from London Heathrow Airport to New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport on Wednesday, 21 December 1988.Pan Am transatlantic flight London Heathrow Airport John F. Kennedy International Airport

8. A Boeing 747–121, named Clipper Maid of the Seas, was destroyed by an explosive device killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew members. [2] Large sections of the plane crashed into Lockerbie, in southern Scotland, killing an additional 11 people on the ground.Boeing 747–121 [2]Lockerbie

9. Ferry disaster On 6 March 1987 193 people were killed when the British ferry Herald Of Free Enterprise capsized off the coast of Belgium. The ferry overturned without warning only a mile outside Belgian port Zeebrugge, pitching hundreds of people into deathly cold water. Despite the best efforts of rescue crews, it became the worst ferry disaster in British history.

10. Chernobyl power plant The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant or Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station is a decommissioned nuclear power station near the city of Pripyat, Ukraine, 14.5 km (9.0 mi) northwest of the city of Chernobyl, 16 km (9.9 mi) from the Ukraine–Belarus border, and about 110 km (68 mi) north of Kiev. Reactor 4 was the site of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 and the power plant is now within a large restricted area known as the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.nuclearpower station Pripyat, UkraineChernobylKievChernobyl disasterChernobyl Exclusion Zone