1. Dark Fibres in European NRENs Lada Altmannová la@cesnet.cz CESNET www.ces.net Salt Lake City, April 4th, 2007

2. Dark fibres in European NRENs 2 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop Author participates on Global Lambda Integrated Facility (GLIF) activity, Optical networks activity of CESNET research program, Cross Border Fibre of GN2, Porta Optica Study project and Phosphorus project. Presented ideas do not necessarily reflect an official opinion of the GLIF, GN2, CESNET or any other institution or project.

3. Dark fibres in European NRENs 3 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop Why dark fibres for Research and Education Networks (RENs)? (this slide we have published in TNC2004, Rhodes) l Freedom in REN design l Fixed costs of long-term use l Transmission capacity up to Tbps l Cost-effective ways of sharing (WDM, TDM, …) l Multiple wavelengths possible (e.g. 1 – 256) l Management of transmission l Equipment selection, moving, design, …..

4. Dark fibres in European NRENs 4 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop Moving RENs to dark fibres since 1999 l Moving of Research and Education Networks to dark fibres is successful and continues: –CESNET, DFN, GRNET, Pioneer, RENATER, SANET, SURFNET, SWITCH… –Regional Optical Networks in US –Continental-wide RENs: NLR, GEANT2, Internet2 –NRENs with long distances (Nordunet 2006-2007) –South East European countries (SEEFIRE and SEEGRID2 projects) –Baltic, East European and Southern Caucasus countries (POS project) l Some other networks follow RENs (municipalities, hospitals, enterprises, … )

5. Dark fibres in European NRENs 5 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop First dark fibre line in CESNET l Praha-Brno 323 km since1999, operational since January 2000 l Contract with fibre owner company- oil transit company l Subject of contract is research cooperation (evaluation of some new usage possibilities, etc.). l Fibre line Praha-Brno was operational in CESNET before telecom market liberalization in the Czech Republic

6. Dark fibres in European NRENs 6 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop Leased Dark Fibres in CESNET l 1999 : 323 km l 2003 : 2.470 km l 2007 :4.830 km (including 370 km of single fibre lines) CESNET has 26 members. We connect 45 university cities in the Czech Republic. Population : 10,272.503 Area : 78.864 square kilometres = 30.450 square miles (approximately as South Carolina or Maine)

7. Dark fibres in European NRENs 7 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop

8. Dark fibres in European NRENs 8 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop

9. Dark fibres in European NRENs 9 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop Typical prices of leased DF in CESNET l 0.1 – 0.5 Euro/m/y – pair of fibres (fibre lengths from 30 km to 323 km) l 0.3 Euro/m/y – one fibre (fibre lengths from 34 km to 126 km) l Lease contracts are mostly 4 years with prolongation option, O&M included l Best prices were acquired for DF between big cities, for long distances and for longer contract periods l Comparison: 0.13 Euro/m/y is Fiberco Price of strand pair for 20 year IRU (source: FiberCo/WaveCo Update, Joint Techs, Minneapolis, February 12, 2007)

10. Dark fibres in European NRENs 10 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop Cross Border Dark Fibres (CBFs) started in 2002 l Neighbour NREN fibre footprints can be connected by short dark fibres l CBFs allow connection of NRENs as cellular structure instead of legacy overlaying connection l CBFs are usually short, non-expensive and carry high traffic between neighbour NRENs l CBFs save expensive long distance capacity services going via central PoPs of NRENs

11. Dark fibres in European NRENs 11 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop CBFs operational since 2002 l GE lighting –Bratislava (SK) – Vienna (AT) since 2002, 104 km –Brno (CZ) - Bratislava (SK) since 2003, 182 km –Ostrava (CZ) - B. Biala (PL) since 2004, 117 km l 10GE lighting –upgrade of Brno (CZ) - Bratislava (SK) since 2005, 8x10G WDM –Ostrava (CZ) - Cieszyn (PL) since 2006, 75 km, 32 x 10G WDM –Bratislava (SK) – Vienna (AT) since 2006 –Brno (CZ) – Vienna (AT) since 2006, 224 km, 8 x 10G WDM, creating first cross border dark fibre triangle (Brno-Bratislava-Vienna-Brno) l NRENs and regions moving to dark fibres since 2005 use CBFs

12. Dark fibres in European NRENs 12 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop SEEFIRE project (Mar 2005 – Feb 2006) l Study of existing and potentially available optical fibre for NRENs in South - East Europe region l 11 Partners: TERENA (NL), GRNET (GR), CESNET (CZ), NIIF/HUNGARNET (HU), AMREJ (SE), DANTE (UK), RoEduNet (RO), ISTF (BG), INIMA (AL), BIHARNET (BH), MARNET (MK) l Dark fibre acquiring including CBFs continues l www.seefire.org, www.seegrid2.org www.seefire.orgwww.seegrid2.org

13. Dark fibres in European NRENs 13 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop

14. Dark fibres in European NRENs 14 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop Porta Optica Study (Feb 06 – Apr 07) Distributed Optical Gateway to Eastern Europe l 11 Partners: PSNC (leader), CEENet, LITNET (Lithuania), IMCS-UL (Latvia), EENet (Estonia), URAN (the Ukraine), NCIRT (Belarus), RENAM (Moldavia), GRENA (Georgia), GRNET (Greece), CESNET (Czech Republic) l Dark fibres availability - ready l Case study of CEF networks building – nearly ready l Costs of CEF networks building and operation – Apr 07

15. 15/24 15/11 Partners 15/12 www.porta-optica.org

16. Dark fibres in European NRENs 16 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop B&H dark fibre plan l September 2006: SEEREN2 is the first EU funded regional project that builds international cross border link based purely on dark-fibre services. Link to provide connectivity to 3 or more universities in B&H (source: East Europan Leapfrogging, Stanislav Sima, 4th International Workshop on Open Access, Stockholm, December 13th, 2006)

17. Dark fibres in European NRENs 17 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop DF in Europe

18. Dark fibres in European NRENs 18 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop GÉANT started dark fibre use since 2005 l GÉANT2 uses dark fibre connection of GÉANT PoPs located in NREN central PoPs (usually in capitals) l All GÉANT2 dark fibres are crossing borders, distances are about 110 – 3000 km, but are not called CBF (CBF should be short connection between neighbour NREN PoPs close to border) l GÉANT dark fibre footprint is overlaying national dark fibre footprints

19. Dark fibres in European NRENs 19 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop GÉANT2 l Co-funded by the European Commission (up to 50%) and Europe's national research and education networks and is managed by DANTE l 30 European NRENs l 12,000 km of DF l 200 sites l 18 DF routes l 26 leased SDH circuits http:// www.geant2.net (source: Photonic in the Czech Republic, Jan Gruntorad, 6th Annual ON*VECTOR Photonic Worksho, San Diego, February, 2007)

20. Dark fibres in European NRENs 20 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop GEANT2 started CBF use since 2006 l CBFs are installed by NRENs and used for GÉANT2 lambda services (in part or fully) l Motivation: –Installing of cost-effective lambdas to GÉANT2 PoPs for which not available GÉANT2 dark fibres (for example Poznan) –using optimal connections for some important projects (ATLAS) l CBFs used for GÉANT2 –Frankfurt/Oder (DE) – Slubice (PL) –Como (IT) – Manno (CH) –Basel (CH) - Kehl (DE) –Kehl (DE) – Strasbourg (FR) –Enschede (NL) - Münster (DE)

21. Dark fibres in European NRENs 21 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop (source: Cross Border Services within the GÉANT2 Project, Hans Döbbeling, CEF Workshop, Prague 30.5.06) Types of CBF services

22. Dark fibres in European NRENs 22 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop Types of CBF services cont.

23. Dark fibres in European NRENs 23 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop Types of contracting and managing of CBF 1.Leased DF NREN A, own DF NREN B Each NREN covers own expenses Each NREN is monitoring own part of line (CZ – PL) 2.NREN A leased DF in own and neighbour country and covers both expenses NREN A is monitoring all line (CZ – AT) NREN A NREN B border NREN ANREN B DF NREN A

24. Dark fibres in European NRENs 24 The Quilt's 2007 Spring Member Meeting and Workshop Acknowledgement l CESNET colleagues, especially Jan Gruntorád and Stanislav Šíma

25. Thank you for your attention