1. What is Physical Education and Why is it Important?
Chapter 1

2. Pretest
How many minutes of physical activity should children accumulate per day?
What percentage of American children engage in the recommended level of physical activity?
What percentage of American children ages 6-11 are obese?
What percentage of American children ages 6-11 are overweight?
What are 3 health effects of overweight and obesity?
Which racial groups encounter the highest levels of overweight and obesity?
How many states require K-12 daily physical education?
What percentage of high school students attend physical education daily?
How much money do researchers estimate states spend per year in medical expenditures related to obesity?

3. 60 minutes and up to several hours per day
#1 How many minutes of physical activity should children accumulate per day?
60 minutes and up to several hours per day

4. #2 What percentage of American children engage in the recommended level of physical activity?
67%

5. #3 What percentage of American children ages 6-11 are obese?
15.3%

6. #4 What percentage of American children ages 6-11 are overweight?
30.3%
BMI = %

7. #5 What are 3 health effects of overweight and obesity?
asthma
Type 2 diabetes
hypertension
orthopedic complications
psychosocial effects
sleep apnea
BMI = 30%+

8. African Americans Hispanics
#6 Which racial groups encounter the highest levels of overweight and obesity?
African Americans
Hispanics

9. #7 How many states require K-12 daily physical education?
2 = Illinois & Massachusetts

10. #8 What percentage of high school students attend physical education daily?
25%

11. #9 How much money do researchers estimate states spend per year in medical expenditures related to obesity?
$147 billion
Medical costs associated with overweight and obesity may involve direct and indirect costs (Wolf and Colditz, 1998; Wolf, 1998). Direct medical costs may include preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services related to obesity. Indirect costs relate to morbidity and mortality costs. Morbidity costs are defined as the value of income lost from decreased productivity, restricted activity, absenteeism, and bed days. Mortality costs are the value of future income lost by premature death.
This figure increased from $75 billion in 2003.

12. Overweight and Obesity
The incidence of overweight has doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 20 years (Action for Healthy Kids, 2006).
Among children and teens ages 6 to 19, 16% are overweight.
Four in 10 Mexican-American and African-American youth ages 6 to 19 are overweight or at risk of being overweight.
Children and adolescents who are overweight by the age of 8 are 80% more likely to become overweight or obese adults.
(Shape of the Nation, 2006)

13. Obesity Trends
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
In 1993, 12 states had obesity prevalence rates between 15 percent and 19 percent, and no states had rates at or above 20 percent.

14. Obesity Trends

15. Obesity Trends
By 2003, 15 states had obesity prevalence rates between 15 percent and 19 percent, 31 states had rates between 20 percent and 24 percent, and four states had rates at or above 25 percent.
(Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003;

16. Obesity Trends 2006
We have never had an epidemic like this that we have been able to track so thoroughly and see. As I told you, this is conservative.
About 60 million adults, or 30 percent of the adult population, are now obese, which represents a doubling of the rate since 1980.
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% %–29% ≥30%

17. Public Support
Nationwide, 95% of parents feel physical education should be included in the curriculum for all students, K-12.
Eighty-five percent of parents and 81% of teachers believe should have daily physical education at all grade levels.
Ninety-two percent of teens feel they should have daily physical education.
More than 75% of parents and teachers believe physical education should not be eliminated.
(Shape of the Nation, 2006)

18. What is physical education?
A movement program sponsored by K-12 schools that provides a planned sequence of developmentally appropriate activities, games, and sports
Educates all students about and through movement
Designed to develop basic fundamental skills, sports skills, and physical fitness to prepare children for lifetime participation in physical activity

19. Benefits of Physical Education
Physical Benefits
Aids in development of healthy bones, muscles, and joints
Improves muscular strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination
Less susceptible to injury
More efficient hearts during exercise and rest

20. Benefits of Physical Education
Cognitive Benefits
Development of neural networks
Blood circulation carries glucose and oxygen to the brain
Increases mental alertness while decreasing fatigue

21. Benefits of Physical Education
Affective Benefits
Higher self-esteem and decreased levels of stress and anxiety
Increased socialization

22. Characteristics of a Physically Educated Person
Has learned skills necessary to perform a variety of physical activities
Is physically fit
Does participate regularly in physical activity
Knows the implications and benefits of involvement in physical activities
Values physical activity and its contribution to a healthful lifestyle

23. Movement Terminology
Play – movement activities done only by children during their free time; minimal supervision
Games – creative or regularized movement activities that occur when several children play together; become more organized as children grow older, followed by the development of rules
Sports – organized games that have established, accepted, published rules of play
Athletics – develops a select group of highly skilled individuals; officials are utilized
Exercise – movement engaged in by adults for the improvement of or maintenance of physical fitness; planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful

24. What is physical activity?
A bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal systems and that substantially increases energy expenditure (U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, 1996)
A behavior
Contains multiple sub-categories:
Exercise/training
Sport
Leisure activities
Dance
Others

25. What is physical fitness?
A set of attributes that people have or achieve relating to their ability to perform physical activity (U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, 1996)
A trait
Contains five components:
Body composition
Cardiovascular fitness
Flexibility
Muscular endurance
Muscular strength

26. Relationships Between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness

27. Effective Teaching Create a positive learning environment
Be a good communicator
Be a knowledgeable practitioner
Provide meaningful feedback
Create stimulating tasks
Be concerned with student achievement

28. Classroom Teacher Let the PE teacher know what you’re doing
Pure memorization is out – kinesthetic is in
Don’t forget re-energizers

29. Some things to think about…
What do you think your role as an elementary teacher is in providing physical activity to children?
How do you think you can influence children’s physical activity levels?