1. Snow Shelters Winter School 2002 By Hector Briceno Pictures from
Freedom of the Hills 6th Edition or
Princeton University Outdoor Action Program

2. Basic Winter Camp: Review
Shelter Protects you from the wind for sleeping and cooking
Shelter traps heat

3. Anchors
A little more difficult to “stake” the tent in the snow. You have different anchors: Ice Axe, Ice Screws, Snow shoes, skis, deadman anchors

4. Snow Shelters Traditional Igloo (everyone is familiar with the idea)
Snow Caves
Snow Trench
Quin-zhee: low snow conditions

5. Possible Tools
Snow Shovel is key if you want to move a lot of snow (and if snow is icy is pretty much only choice)
Snow saw cuts nice blocks if snow is good
Snow Shoes
Sleds
Hands
Ice Axes

6. Igloo Construction Need good snow that stays in blocks.
Make sure you sleep above entrance

7. Igloo From Inside
Igloos can be pretty big and cozy (right R and A?)

8. Snow Caves
Under branches is fast because the branches provide a natural roof
On Slope is good because it is easy to make sure you sleep higher than the entrance.

9. Snow Cave: theory Snow caves require adequate snow depth
Are you on a potential avalanche slope?
Could wind blow over and seal you in? (that is why someone has to clear or dig opening every couple of hours or more
Easier to dig a cave on a steep slope than a shallow one.
Temperature can be around freezing when it is –10 outside
Takes time, 2 or 3 hours for a four person snow cave with 2 shovels. With experience a 2 person emergency cave can be built in as little as 30 minutes.
Make sure to keep your clothes dry during construction
Keep the ceiling smooth, and dig a trench around the base so water does not drip on you.

10. Snow Cave 1
Dig a space (T) big enough to haul the snow out. This will later be covered with a pack or snow blocks.

11. Snow Cave 2
Notice that you sleep higher than the entrance

12. Snow Cave 3
Notice wands demarcate boundary so people don’t step over the cave

13. Snow Trenches
First one needs tarp
Second one needs branches

14. Snow Trenches
Can use skis or tarp, you sleep on the side chambers

15. Snow Trench Need somewhat deep snow, but quick to build
Can dig a hole in the middle to trap cold air

16. Trench Igloo More basic emergency shelter. Vent a hole.
You can also dig a hole where the cold air will collect
Caulk any gaps between the blocks and smooth out irregularities in the ceiling.

17. Tree-pit Shelter
You can also use the tree-pit shelter for holding out a storm. Quick to dig. Shelters from the wind.

18. Quin-Zhee
For when there is little snow

19. Quin-Zhee continued
Make a big pile of snow (6 feet high and 12 feet in diameter with a stick in the middle)
Let it sit, then dig in