1. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA Hard Shoulder Running (HSR) in the Netherlands Bert Helleman Senior Consultant Smart roads and ATMS AVV Transport Research Centre

2. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA2 Introduction and background Design & Lay out Additional facilities Innovative instruments Research and practice HSR and incident management Content

3. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA3 Introduction and background Design & Lay out Additional facilities Innovative instruments Research and practice HSR and incident management

4. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA4 1994: strong growth congestion and increasing network failures Traffic policy: maintenance, more efficient use, road widening 1995: Traffic Management Program 1995 – 2000  Traffic management: from experiments to large programme  2003: Traffic management is usual business  2004 - 2007: program ZSM (hard shoulder running) and regional traffic management (area approach) Incidental bottlenecks (until ± 1970) Some structural bottlenecks (1970 - 1985) ‘Overall’ bottlenecks during peak hours (1985 - 1995) Threat to Network function (today) Introduction & background

5. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA5 1994: strong growth congestion and increasing network failures Traffic policy: maintenance, more efficient use, road widening 1995: Traffic Management Program 1995 – 2000  Traffic management: from experiments to large programme  2003: Traffic management is usual business  2004 - 2007: program ZSM (hard shoulder running) and regional traffic management (area approach) Introduction & background

6. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA6 Improve infrastructure (missing links in road network) Improve utilization (HSR, planning road works, IM) Improve procedures (rush act) Improve input from road users (periodic road user polls) Introduction & background Main issues of ZSM Program

7. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA7 HSR and plus lanes (planned) ~ 235 km ZSM program 2004 – 2007 Zwolle Arnhem Eindhoven Rotterdam The Hague Amsterdam Utrecht HSR and plus lanes (in use) ~ 150 km Introduction & background

8. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA8 flexroad (dynamic cross section) plus lane (variable left lane) HSR (hard shoulder use) Introduction & background Variable cross section 3 basic concepts Common practice Future?

9. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA9 flexroad (dynamic cross section) plus lane (variable left lane) HSR (hard shoulder use) Introduction & background Variable cross section 3 basic concepts Common practice Future?

10. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA10 Introduction and background Design & Lay out of HSR Additional facilities HSR and incident management Research and practice Innovative instruments

11. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA11 Starting position = Situation outside peak hours - self explaining standard Motorway cross section Adoption of ‘German’ solution: - Special sign (provision of law) - Continuous marking line - Use of VMS-lane signs only during peak hours (and temporary in case of incidents) Spitsstrook open 100 Design & Lay out of HSR lanes

12. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA12 PeakOff Peak Variable lane signs on gantries Design & Lay out of HSR lanes

13. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA13 Variable HSR Sign with speed limit PeakOff Peak Design & Lay out of HSR lanes

14. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA14 Off Peak Peak Variable route signing of HSR lane at exit Design & Lay out of HSR lanes

15. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA15 Off PeakPeak Two stage merging to/from link roads Design & Lay out of HSR lanes

16. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA16 Design & Lay out of HSR lanes A ride on the A50

17. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA17 Introduction and background Design & Lay out Additional facilities Innovative instruments Research and practice HSR and incident management

18. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA18 MTM system (overhead lane signs) ERA’s (Emergency Refuge Areas) Speed reduction at times of HSR Variable Route signs at junctions Advanced Incident Detection CCTV surveillance Incident Management Public lighting Additional facilities

19. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA19 Additional facilities Average use 185 / 10 6 veh.km Approx. 90% used as a ‘parking place’ (5% real break down) Great impact of distance between refuge areas. Very few accidents caused by breakdown vehicles but … - great severity of accidents (2 - 3 times) - particular at dawn/night conditions (70%) Source: “Einsatzkriterien für Nothaltebuchten” University Bochum Hanno Bäumer (2002) German Research on ERA’s (Emergency Refuge Areas)

20. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA20 Low volume traffic High volume traffic Missing events False alarms Compromise ! Incident detection: Main Objectives 1. Safety prevention of (secondary) accidents (fast protection of breakdown vehicles) 2. Accessibility for emergency services (fast clearing lanes) Additional facilities

21. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA21 Incident detection: history Earlier system (dense loop detector system with speed threshold) - very expensive (about 35% of total costs) - many false alarms in case of heavy traffic flows (slow moving vehicles) Present system: - AID (proven system) and blockade loop detector (optimising) - Mobile phones 112 (problem: location verification) Future: - Testing other (reliable) techniques (some scepticism on video detection) - New technics e-call (perfect location verification) Additional facilities

22. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA22 1 2 3 4 Loop detectors Incident detection: road blockade detector 15 – 20 km/u80 – 120 km/u Drop in traffic flow downstream (with check on downstream speed) Promising algorithm, now to be tested in real-time Relies on steady flow, unreliable at low traffic volumes Hard shoulder running implies ‘high’ volumes Alternatives: Infra red, Video detection Slow vehicle detection (with or without filtering) have their own drawbacks Additional facilities

23. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA23 Introduction and background Design & Lay out Additional facilities Innovative instruments Research and practice HSR and incident management

24. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA24 From development ……….... to ………..…. large application Road user Pilots Technical tests DTM projects From closed ….………. to …………….. open market A15 (1999) A12 (2001) A44 (2003) TC-AVV (2004) A50 (HSR) A2 (Lane closure) (2004/2005) Go / no go ??? To be defined Prelimenary demands Requirements Innovative instruments: dynamic road marking

25. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA25 Innovative instruments Dynamic road marking (DRM)

26. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA26 vluchtstrook Off peak Innovative instruments Application DRM: flexible HSR exit

27. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA27 HSR lane peak Innovative instruments Application DRM: flexible HSR exit

28. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA28 Introduction and background Design & Lay out Additional facilities Innovative instruments Research and practice HSR and incident management

29. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA29 Research and Practice linksrechtsspitsstrook linksmiddenrechts HSR A2 6-lane Motorway Lane occupation HSR

30. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA30 Research and Practice Traffic safety Note: Figures are based on “simple”HSR lanes between two junctions. New HSR lanes will go over junctions and are therefore more complex.

31. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA31 Quick scan on every new HSR project - Critical view on design (compliance in off peak) - Possible constrains in IM (accessibility emergency services) - Working processes in TMC (check on protocols) National evaluation of ZSM-program - Effects on accessibility - Effects on safety - Evaluation of process (organisation) Research and Practice Monitoring and evaluation

32. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA32 Introduction and background Design & Lay out Additional facilities Innovative instruments Research and practice HSR and incident management

33. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA33 HSR and Incident management Organisation & Incident management SLA’s (between road manger and emergency authorities) Guidelines IM and protocols on HSR lanes (for TMC) Calamity schemes (Legislation) Central towing turn out Key role for TMC (spider in web)

34. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA34 Practice: Incident on a HSR section HSR and Incident management

35. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA35 HSR and Incident management Situation: HSR in operation

36. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA36 incident Incident occurs: accident on HSR lane HSR and Incident management

37. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA37 70 50 A.I.D. (tailback warning) incident 70 50 AID system activated (speed drops under 35 km/u) HSR and Incident management

38. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA38 50 70 incident Red X measure 50 Action TMC operator: protection Incident location HSR and Incident management

39. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA39 50 incident 50 70 50 Extended Red X measure Action TMC operator: clearing HSR lane HSR and Incident management

40. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA40 50 incident 50 Settlement incident and traffic control by police on location 50 70 Action Emergency vehicles: Acces via HSR lane HSR and Incident management

41. june 13-14, 2006 Scanning tour FHWA41 Thanks for your attention ! Any questions ?