1. Macdonald and Beyond

2. MACDONALD IN 1887 MACDONALD WON ANOTHER ELECTION IN 1887 BY A COUNT OF 123-92 HE WAS IN JEOPARDY HEADING INTO THE ELECTION VILIFIED IN QUEBEC FOR KILLING RIEL NATIONAL POLICY WAS NOT HELPING THE ECONOMY IN THE MARITIMES

3. CONT… EVEN IN ONTARIO THERE WAS SOME ANTI MACDONALD SENTIMENT WANTED SPECIAL RIGHTS BECAUSE IT WAS THE “MOST IMPORTANT” PROVINCE ALMOST EVERY PROVINCE HAD PROBLEMS WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BEFORE THE ELECTION OF 1887 BUT MACDONALD STILL WON

4. BLAKE AND LIBERALS MACDONALD’S WIN CAN LARGELY BE ATTRIBUTED TO EDWARD BLAKE’S INABILITY TO UNITE THE LIBERALS BLAKE BECAME LIBERAL LEADER AFTER THE RESIGNATION OF ALEXANDER MACKENZIE IN 1880

5. EDWARD BLAKE LIBERAL LEADER BUT NEVER ELECTED PM

6. BLAKE & LIBS. CONT… THE LIBERAL PARTY REALLY DOES NOT EXIST AT THIS POINT MACKENZIE ALLIED A GROUP OF NON CONSERVATIVES TO SECURE VICTORY AFTER THE PACIFIC SCANDAL SINCE THEN THE LIBERALS ARE A LOOSE COALITION OF PARTIES THAT DO NOT UNITE FULLY ON ALL ISSUES THIS KILLS THEM IN THE ELECTIONS OF 1882 AND 1887

7. LIBERALS SQUABBALING SOME LIBERALS FAVOURED RECIPROCITY TO THE US, OTHERS IMPERIAL UNIONS WITH THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH THUS THERE WAS NO SET POLICY THAT OPPOSED THE CONSERVATIVE NATIONAL POLICY IN THE MATTER OF RIEL, MANY LIBERALS VOTED TO HANG LOUIS RIEL INCLUDING BLAKE HIMSELF THIS ROBBED THE LIBERALS OF BEING THE VOICE FOR QUEBEC

8. BLAKE’S MISTAKES AFTER THE RIEL EXECUTION, THE HOUSE HAD A MOTION BEFORE IT TO EXPRESS REGRET THAT RIEL HAD BEEN EXECUTED IT WAS A FREE VOTE, SO MANY CONSERVATIVES FROM QUEBEC VOTED IN FAVOUR, MANY ENGLISH LIBERALS VOTED AGAINST IT. THIS SHOWS BLAKE’S INABILITY TO WIN SUPPORT FROM A CRISIS FACING THE CONSERVATIVES. HE SHOULD HAVE PLAYED THIS TO THE HILT INSTEAD HE VOTES WITH THE “KILLERS OF RIEL”

9. LAURIER STANDS UP ONE YOUNG LIBERAL HOWEVER DID RISE, GAVE AN IMPASSIONED SPEECH, CONDEMNING MACDONALD AND ENGLISH CANADA IN THIS SPEECH HE SAID THAT MACDONALD HAD USED THE RIEL NORTH WEST REBELLION TO DRAW ATTENTION TO THE NEED FOR THE RAILWAY HE WENT ON TO SAY THAT THE GOV’T OF MACDONALD FOSTERED THE REBELLION BY YEARS OF NEGLECT. THIS MAN SPOKE SO ELOQUENTLY THAT MANY IN THE LIBERAL CAUCUS ESPECIALLY FROM QUEBEC SAW HIM AS THEIR FUTURE. THIS MAN WAS WILFRID LAURIER

11. LAURIER CONT… BLAKE HAS NOW LOST TWO ELECTIONS AND THE LIBERALS LOOK FOR A NEW LEADER BLAKE HIMSELF SEES THE FUTURE OF THE LIBERAL PARTY IN LAURIER LAURIER IS PICKED TO REPLACE THE AGING AND NOW THE TWICE DEFEATED EDWARD BLAKE AND ASSUMES THE MANTLE OF LEADERSHIP IN 1887

12. MACDONALD’S REIGN MACDONALD FACES MANY PROBLEMS THIS TIME THE ECONOMY IS STILL SLOW SO HE BEGINS TO CONSIDER LETTING GO OF THE NATIONAL POLICY IN FAVOUR OF FREE TRADE HOWEVER THE U.S.A. STILL DOESN’T AGREE SO MACDONALD REVERTS BACK TO THE NATIONAL POLICY

13. 1888: THE JESUIT ESTATES ACT JESUITS HAD LARGE LAND GRANTS AFTER THE FALL OF NEW FRANCE THE LAND WAS TAKEN BY THE BRITISH OVER 400,000 DOLLARS WAS TO BE DISTRIBUTED IN VARIOUS MANNERS TO COMPENSATE THE JESUITS

14. J.E.A. CONT… ONTARIO OPPOSES THIS ACT AND CALL FOR MACDONALD TO DISALLOW IT MACDONALD DID NOT WANT TO FURTHER ANTAGONIZE QUE AND ROMAN CATHOLICS SO IN THE END HE ALLOWED THE ACT TO STAND

15. J.E.A. EFFECTS ONTAIRO: –ANGRY WITH MACDONALD FOR LETTING THE ACT PASS QUEBEC: – SEES THAT IT HAS NO FRIENDS IN ONT. OR FEDERAL GOVERNMENT –THIS REKINDLES THE DEMAND FOR A DISTINCT SOCIETY

16. MACDONALD’S REIGN CONT… OTHER THAN THESE HURDLES (RECIPROCITY FAILURE AND JESUIT ESTATES ACT) LITTLE HAPPENS IN 1887-1891 THERE IS THE MANITOBA SCHOOL’S ACT, BUT IT HOLDS LITTLE SWAY IN THE 1892 ELECTION

17. 1891 ELECTION LIBERALS HAVE NEW LEADER, SO THERE WILL BE A REAL ELECTION FOR THE FIRST TIME BETWEEN TWO UNIFIED POLITICAL PARTIES. WHILE LIBS WIN IN QUE, THEY FAIL TO UNIFY THE COUNTRY AGAINST MACDONALD

18. 1891 CONT… BY THIS TIME MACDONALD HAS BEEN IN POWER SINCE 1878 A PERIOD OF 13 YEARS. BEFORE THAT HE WAS IN POWER FROM 1867-1873 MACDONALD WAS 75 YEARS OLD, AND CAMPAIGNED ON THE SLOGAN THE OLD MAN, THE OLD FLAG, AND THE OLD POLICY

20. PLATFORMS LAURIER HAD ESPOUSED CLOSER TIES TO U.S.A. AND FREE TRADE. MACDONALD SAID CLOSER TIES MEANT ANNEXATION SO PLAYED THE LOYALTY TO BRITAIN AND FEAR OF U.S.A. CARD HE EQUATED LAURIER TO SOMEONE WHO WOULD SELL OUT THE INTERESTS OF THE NATION TO THE AMERICANS

21. 1891 RESULTS IN END CONSERVATIVES WIN 123-92 LAURIER LEARNED A VALUABLE LESSON THAT DAY: –NEVER UNDERESTIMATE THE POWER OF THE LOBBY OF BIG BUSINESS –AND THAT THE COUNTRY WAS STILL LEARY OF MOVING TOWARD THE USA

22. MACDONALD PASSES MACDONALD SERVES LITTLE OF HIS MANDATE HE IS OLD AND THE CAMPAIGN WORE HIM OUT WITHIN WEEKS OF HIS VICTORY HE SUFFERS A SERIES OF STROKES HE DIES 3 MONTHS AFTER ELECTION

23. SCENE FROM MACDONALD’S FUNERAL

24. CONSERVATIVE LEADERSHIP? WHO TO LEAD? D’ALTON MCCARTHY? –NOPE- TOO CONTROVERSIAL JOHN THOMPSON? –NOPE- TOO CATHOLIC JOHN ABBOTT? –SURE, WHY NOT?

25. JOHN ABBOTT: 1891-1892 HE IS A SENATOR SO COULD NOT EVEN ENTER THE HOUSE HIS ADMINISTRATION WAS ONLY TEMPORARY, AND HE REALLY DID NOT WANT THE JOB ABBOTT HIMSELF STATED THAT THE ONLY REASON HE WAS HERE WAS BECAUSE HE WAS PARTICULARLY OBNOXIOUS TO NO ONE

26. JOHN ABBOTT

27. JOHN ABBOTT CONT… WHILE PM FOR ONLY 17 MONTHS HE DID REFORM THE CIVIL SERVICE MAKING IT A MORE PROFESSIONAL GROUP WITH LESS PATRONAGE HE WAS LESS SUCCESSFUL BRIDGING THE GAP OVER THE MANITOBA SCHOOLS QUESTION HIS ABILITY CAN BEST BE SUMMED UP BY THE FACT THAT DURING HIS SHORT REIGN THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY WON 42 OF 52 BYE ELECTIONS

28. JOHN THOMPSON: 1892-1894 WITHIN A YEAR AND A HALF ABBOTT HAD RESIGNED CITING ILL HEALTH IN 1892 AT THIS POINT THE CONSERVATIVES STILL HAVE NO ONE, SO THEY GO TO THOMPSON DESPITE HIS CATHOLICISM THOMPSON HAD REALLY BEEN RUNNING THE SHOW SINCE 1891 ANYWAY, SO THEY GAVE HIM THE MANTLE OF PM

29. JOHN THOMPSON

30. THOMPSON CONT… HE WAS ONLY 47 AND WAS FIRST MARITIMER TO BE PM FROM HALIFAX THOMPSON HAD BEEN A FORMER SUPREME COURT JUDGE AND WAS HAND PICKED BY MACDONALD TO BE CABINET MINISTER HE PASSED THE CRIMINAL CODE OF CANADA ACT ESTABLISHING FOR THE FIRST TIME A CODIFIED SYSTEM OF LAWS IN THE COUNTRY

31. MACKENZIE BOWELL: 1894-1896 THOMSON DIES OF A HEART ATTACK WHILE BEING KNIGHTED IN ENGLAND NOW WHO WILL BE PM? G.G. WANTED BOWELL, BUT HE WAS A SENATOR CONSERVATIVES WANTED TUPPER BOWELL WAS CHOSEN

32. MACKENZIE BOWELL

33. THE BOWELL MOVEMENT BECAUSE HE WAS FROM THE SENATE, AND NOT THE CHOICE OF THE PARTY HIS LEADERSHIP WAS NEVER SUPPORTED WHEN THAT HAPPENS YOUR LEADERSHIP CANNOT SURVIVE IN FACT HIS CABINET REVOLTED OVER THE MANITOBA SCHOOLS QUESTION BOWELL WAS OUSTED IN 1896

34. CHARLES TUPPER: 1896 1896 SIR CHARLES TUPPER RETURNS FROM LONDON POSTING TO ASSUME ROLE OF PM HE IS FATHER OF CONFEDERATION AND MARITIMER BUT OLD AND WITH NO TIME TO PREPARE BEFORE THE ELECTION IN 1896 IN FACT TUPPER SERVES AS PM FOR ONLY 10 WEEKS THE SHORTEST TERM IN HISTORY

35. CHARLES TUPPER

36. 1896 ELECTIONS AS THE 1896 ELECTION COMES ABOUT, THE CONSERVATIVES HAVE GONE THROUGH 5 LEADERS IN 5 YEARS NO LONGER CAN THEY BE CALLED A UNITED PARTY, NOR CAN THEY CALL ON LOYALTY TO THEIR FOUNDER BY NOW LAURIER HAS UNITED THE LIBERALS

37. LAURIER WINS! IN END THE LIBERALS GET THEIR FIRST ELECTION VICTORY SINCE MACKENZIE’S OF 1874 NOW WILFRID LAURIER TAKES OVER THE REINS OF THE PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE LAURIER’S FIRST TEST WILL BE THE MANITOBA SCHOOLS QUESTION