© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 33 © 2009, Prentice- Hall, Inc. Units of Measurement.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 33 3.2 The International System of Units In the signs shown here, the distances are listed as numbers with no units attached. Without the units, it is impossible to communicate the measurement to others. When you make a measurement, you must assign the correct units to the numerical value.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Units of Length In SI, the basic unit of length, or linear measure, is the meter (m). For very large or and very small lengths, it may be more convenient to use a unit of length that has a prefix.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Common metric units of length include the centimeter, meter, and kilometer. Size and Scale of Common Things

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Units of Volume The SI unit of volume is the amount of space occupied by a cube that is 1 m along each edge. This volume is the cubic meter (m) 3. A more convenient unit of volume for everyday use is the liter, a non-SI unit. A liter (L) is the volume of a cube that is 10 centimeters (10 cm) along each edge (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm = 1000 cm 3 = 1 L).

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > © 2009, Prentice- Hall, Inc. Volume The most commonly used metric units for volume are the liter (L) and the milliliter (mL). –A liter is a cube 1 dm long on each side. –A milliliter is a cube 1 cm long on each side.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Common metric units of volume include the liter, milliliter, cubic centimeter, and microliter.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities The volume of 20 drops of liquid from a medicine dropper is approximately 1 mL.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities A sugar cube has a volume of 1 cm 3. 1 mL is the same as 1 cm 3.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities A gallon of milk has about twice the volume of a 2-L bottle of soda.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Units of Mass The mass of an object is measured in comparison to a standard mass of 1 kilogram (kg), which is the basic SI unit of mass. A gram (g) is 1/1000 of a kilogram; the mass of 1 cm 3 of water at 4°C is 1 g.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Common metric units of mass include kilogram, gram, milligram, and microgram.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > SI Prefixes Prefix Symbol Multiply the root word by Power of 10 tera - T 1 000 000 000 000 10 12 giga -G 1 000 000 000 10 9 mega - M 1 000 000 10 6 kilo - k 1 000 10 3 hecto - h 100 10 2 deca - da10 10 1 Root Unit 1 10 0 deci - d 0.1 10 -1 centi - c 0.01 10 -2 milli - m 0.001 10 -3 micro -m 0.000 001 10 -6 nano - n 0.000 000 001 10 -9 pico -p 0.000 000 000 001 10 -12

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > Basic Metric prefixes

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > Convert the following. 1. 200 m = __________ km6. 2000 cL = __________ L 2. 1.2 L = __________  L7. 0.125 pm = __________ cm 3. 6000 cm = __________ m 8. 12 000 mg = __________ g 4. 2500 g = __________ Mg9. 5 km = __________Tm 5. 500 hm = __________ m10. 2 km = __________ mm

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Units of Temperature Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is. It is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Thermometers are used to measure temperature.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > © 2009, Prentice- Hall, Inc. Temperature By definition temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > © 2009, Prentice- Hall, Inc. Temperature In scientific measurements, the Celsius and Kelvin scales are most often used. The Celsius scale is based on the properties of water. –0°C is the freezing point of water. –100°C is the boiling point of water.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > © 2009, Prentice- Hall, Inc. Temperature The Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature. It is based on the properties of gases. There are no negative Kelvin temperatures.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities On the Celsius scale, the freezing point of water is 0°C and the boiling point is 100°C. On the Kelvin scale, the freezing point of water is 273.15 kelvins (K), and the boiling point is 373.15 K. The zero point on the Kelvin scale, 0 K, or absolute zero, is the temperature at which all molecular motion would stop. It is equal to - 273.15 °C.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Because one degree on the Celsius scale is equivalent to one kelvin on the Kelvin scale, converting from one temperature to another is easy. You simply add or subtract 273, as shown in the following equations.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Conversions Between the Celsius and Kelvin Scales

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > © 2009, Prentice- Hall, Inc. Temperature The Fahrenheit scale is not used in scientific measurements. °F = 9/5(°C) + 32 °C = 5/9(°F − 32)

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities Units of Energy Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce heat. The joule and the calorie are common units of energy.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities The joule (J) is the SI unit of energy. One calorie (cal) is the quantity of heat that raises the temperature of 1 g of pure water by 1°C.

of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Units and Quantities This house is equipped with solar panels. The solar panels convert the radiant energy from the sun into electrical energy that can be used to heat water and power appliances.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 37 of 33 3.2 Section Quiz. 2. If you measured both the mass and weight of an object on Earth and on the moon, you would find that a.both the mass and the weight do not change. b.both the mass and the weight change. c.the mass remains the same, but the weight changes. d.the mass changes, but the weight remains the same.

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 33 © 2009, Prentice- Hall, Inc. Units of Measurement.

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