1. Slide 1-1 Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview Introduction to Information Systems Judith C. Simon

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3. Slide 1-3 Chapter 1 Major Topics ä ä Developments leading to today’s technology ä ä Effects of information technology (IT) on our lives ä ä Components of information systems (IS) ä ä Additional terms and related concepts

4. Slide 1-4 Computational Technology in the Past ä ä 16th Century and earlier: ä ä Abacus and other manual devices ä ä 17th Century: ä ä Mechanical calculator ä ä 18th Century: ä ä Punched card machine

5. Slide 1-5 20th Century Developments in IT ä ä 1940s: ä ä Stored-program concept developed ä ä 1950s: ä ä Business applications began to be used

6. Slide 1-6 20th Century Developments in IT ä ä 1960s: ä ä Business programming languages developed ä ä Minicomputers developed ä ä 1970s: ä ä Personal computers introduced ä ä Intel memory and processor chips developed

7. Slide 1-7 20th Century Developments in IT ä ä 1980s : ä ä Multiprocessors with multitasking developed ä ä Apple Macintosh introduced ä ä 1990s: ä ä Intel processor chips estimated to be 5000 times faster than 1970s chips ä ä Explosive growth of the Internet

8. Slide 1-8 Changes in Business & Professional Activities ä ä Use of chip technology in automobile manufacturing, as well as for many other consumer products ä ä Use of computer-based simulations for medical training ä ä Use of automated load and destination systems for airline flight management systems ä ä Use of sensors and speech synthesizers for disabled workers

9. Slide 1-9 Professional Activities Affected by IT Architect Accountant Engineer

10. Slide 1-10 Personal Activities Affected by IT Travel Transportation Household Appliances

11. Slide 1-11 Changes in Career Options ä ä Increase in careers available in information technology/information systems, such as system operators, programmers, Web site developers ä ä Increase in use and required knowledge of IT/IS by business employees in all fields and at all levels of the organization

12. Slide 1-12 Information System Components ä ä System: Combination of related elements that work together to achieve some goal ä ä Information system: components that work together to provide desired information in the proper format at an appropriate time, including: ä ä people (human resources) ä ä procedures (instructions for the people) ä ä information technology (hardware, software, data)

13. Slide 1-13 Information Systems ++ Hardware Software Data + Procedures People = Information Systems + Information Technology

14. Slide 1-14 Digital Computers Supercomputers Mainframes Minicomputers Microcomputers

15. Slide 1-15 Operating Systems = Intermediary Application Programs Operating System Programs Hardware

16. Slide 1-16 Fields and Records in a File File Field 1Field 2Field 3 Record 1 Record 2 Record 3 data

17. Slide 1-17 Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge ä ä Data: raw facts that are collected ä ä e.g., customer name, address, purchasing history ä ä Information: result(s) after data is processed into something meaningful ä ä e.g., purchasers of a specific product, who might be contacted about a related product ä ä Knowledge: combination of methods for using or sharing information ä ä e.g., customers worthy of special promotions or ratings, usually based on a set of designated criteria

18. Slide 1-18 Data Flow vs. Information Flow “Data Flow” and “Information Flow” both refer to the process in which data enters a system, is processed, and information is output. Differences in terminology are based on whether the discussion refers to the beginning or the end of the process.

19. Slide 1-19 Data/Information Flow Input Processing Output

20. Slide 1-20 Flow of Data/Information Feedback InputProcessingOutput Data Information

21. Slide 1-21