1. CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY College of Education DPE/CPE Program
Language and Writing
DPE 101
Presented by
Elisa L. Magnase

2. Language: Definitions
Beals & Hoijer:
A way of speaking distinct in every culture.
Keesing:
Is a vocal symbolism of speech , with its related bodily gesture and mechanical signals which give precision and finesse to communication.
Random House College Dictionary:
A body of words and systems for their use common to a people of the same community or nation.

3. Characteristics of Language
A socially learned behavior, a means of communication between people and one's environment
Is a systematic and has patterned structure in all levels
Has arbitrary word order - subject , predicate and subject
Very complex and has large vocabularies of 100,000 words or more.
Has dual property of sound and meaning
Certain and recursive, adapted to fit new experiences, thoughts and situations.

4. Elements of Language Phonology
This is the system consisting of sounds in human speech conveying significant meanings
Grammar
This is the study of the formal features of a language , as the sounds , morphemes, words and sentences according to definite rules so that a complete thought is expressed.
Vocabulary
The stock of words used by or known to a particular person with the important meanings.

5. Functions of Language 1. Instrumental:
The way an individual satisfies the need by asking for something (May I take your pen?).
2. Regulatory:
Controlling another's behaviour (e.g. teacher asks the student "sit quiet, please").
3. Interactional:
Used for maintaining interpersonal (e.g. wishing a friend a happy birthday).
4. Personal:
Where one talks about oneself (e.g. I am feeling very depressed today)
5. Heuristic:
To find out about the world in general (e.g. Is there any drug to cure AIDS?)
6. Imaginative:
Where one talks about one's imagination (e.g. write an essay on the topic "You are on the clouds").
7. Informational:
To seek and give varied types of information (e.g. What is the current rate of population growth in over country?

6. WRITING WRITING WRITING WRITING WRITING

7. WRITING WRITING WRITING WRITING WRITING
Definition:
Writing is a medium of communication that represents language through the inscription of signs and symbols. In most languages, writing is a complement to speech or spoken language
Writing is not a language but a form of technology. Within a language system, writing relies on many of the same structures as speech, such as vocabulary, grammar and semantics, with the added dependency of a system of signs or symbols, usually in the form of a formal alphabet.

8. Development of Writing

9. Development of Writing
Picture Writing
Hieroglyphics
Cuneiform
Logographic writing
Ideographic writing
Phonetic writing
Aphabet writing

10. Development of Writing
Picture writing
or pictographs or pictograms
this is the earliestform of writing.
inscribing lines and pictures representing objects or ideas
written mostly on surfaces of walls and cave dwellings
modern uses
road signs
laundry clothing tags
chemical hazards symbols
computer icons

11. Development of Writing
Hieroglyphics
were a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that combined logographic and alphabetic elements.

12. Development of Writing
Cuneiform .
is one of the earliest known systems of writing, distinguished by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, made by means of a blunt reed for a stylus. The name cuneiform itself simply means "wedge shaped", from the Latin cuneus "wedge" and forma "shape,"

13. Development of Writing
Logographic Writing .
this pertains to using logograms - a conventional, abbreviated symbol for a frequently used word or phrase. Originated in China and Maya.
Logograms are used in modern shorthand to represent common words. In addition, the numerals and mathematical symbols used in alphabetic systems are logograms—1 one, 2 two, + plus, = equals, and so on. In English, the ampersand & is used for and and et (such as &c for et cetera), % for percent, # for number, § for section, $ for dollar, € for euro, £ for pound, ° for for at, etc
Modern examples include for example the logograms for "Ladies" and "Gents", "telephone", and "wheelchair access", which can be understood without any knowledge of the spoken language,

14. Development of Writing
Ideographic Writing .
is a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept. Some ideograms are comprehensible only by familiarity with prior convention; others convey their meaning through pictorial resemblance to a physical object, and thus may also be referred to as pictograms

15. Development of Writing
Phonetic Writing
writings assigns a symbol for phonetic sound called phonogram or phonograph.
originated in Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Babylonia (Iran).
the Japanese still use syllabic writing of 65 characters

16. Development of Writing
Alphabet writing
system probably developed about 1800 B.C.
became the basis of the Greek and Latin alphabets and eventually used by European countries

17. Mechanical Aids to Writing
Papyrus
Palm leaf manuscript (India)
Amate(Mesoamerica)
Paper
Ostracon
Wax tablets
Clay tablets
Birch bank document
Parchment
stylus
tablet and roll
lead, brass and gold
stone tablet
bamboo slats,
wax tablets,
vellum,
parchment
paper,
copperplate
styluses,
quills,
ink brushes
pencils,
pens
knotted cords known as quipu

18. Mechanical Aids to Writing

19. Mechanical Aids to Writing

20. Functions and Importance of Writing
Over the years, writing is an essential means for long distance communication
Importance recording & preservation of important info. materials important to system of education, research and worlds events & culture.

21. Relationship between Language and Writing
Speech Prerequisite
Information Transfer
Representation
Decoding
Language Comprehension
Written and spoken language rely on the same basic grammar, vocabulary and syntax. Spoken language does not always strictly follow the rules of written grammar, syntax and style, since people cannot revise what they say and often change subjects, add "buts" and "ums" and repeat themselves. However, ideal spoken language has many of the same similarities as ideal written language.

22. thank you

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