1. Presentation on force field analysis and entrapment Submitted by: Vaibhavi Randeria Submitted to: Mrs. Rutvi Sarang

2. Meaning of force field analysis Force field analysis is a management technique developed by Kurt Lewin, a pioneer in the field of social sciences, for diagnosing situations. Force Field Analysis is a useful technique for looking at all the forces for and against a decision. In effect, it is a specialized method of weighing pros and cons.

3. Lewin assumes that in any situation there are both driving and restraining forces that influence any change that may occur. Driving forces Restraining forces Driving forces are those forces affecting a situation that are pushing in a particular direction; they tend to initiate a change and keep it going. In terms of improving productivity in a work group, pressure from a supervisor, and competition may be examples of driving forces. Restraining forces are forces acting to restrain or decrease the driving forces. Apathy, hostility, and poor maintenance of equipment may be examples of restraining forces against increased production. Equilibrium is reached when the sum of the driving forces equals the sum of the restraining forces. In our example, equilibrium represents the present level of productivity.

5. How to use force field analysis? Describe your plan or proposal for change in the middle. List all forces for change in one column, and all forces against change in another column. Assign a score to each force, from 1 (weak) to 5 (strong).

6. Worksheet of force field analysis Scores for change scoresChange proposalscoresScores against change total

7. For example: Imagine that you are a manager deciding whether to install new manufacturing equipment in your factory.

8. Steps of force field analysis Describe the current situation Describe desired situation Identify where the current situation will go if no action is taken List all the forces driving change towards the desired situation List all the forces resisting change towards desired situation? Discuss and interrogate all of the forces”: are they valid? Can they be changed? Which r the critical ones?

9. Allocate a score to each of the forces using a numerical scale?eg: 1 extremely weak and 10 extremely strong Chart the forces: list the driving force on left and restraining on the right Determine whether change is viable and progress can occur Discuss how change can be affected by decreasing the strength of the restraining forces or by increasing the strength of driving forces Remember that increasing the driving forces or decreasing the restraining forces may increase or decrease other forces or even create new ones

10. Use of force field analysis method Investigate the balance of power involved in an issue Identify the most important players(stakeholders)and target groups of a campaign on the issue Identify opponents and allies Identify how u can influence each target group

11. Entrapment It is a special form of escalation in which parties involved expand more of their time, energy, money or other resources in a conflict. Escalation means increase in perceived or actual size of a conflict. Example: in context of an organization, it must be decided how much R&D expenditure is needed to build a new or improved product.