1. Aspects of Intercultural Communication in Language Training High and Low Context Cultures Ginta Lauva-Treide Latvia MA Cult. and literature

2. Culture and Language Culture shapes our view of the world Culture shapes our view of the world Language is not only part of how we define culture, it also reflects culture Language is not only part of how we define culture, it also reflects culture Knowledge of the target culture is the key to success when communicating in the target language Knowledge of the target culture is the key to success when communicating in the target language

3. High and Low Context Cultures Presented by the respected anthropologist and cross-cultural researcher Edward T. Hall Beyond Culture (1976) Presented by the respected anthropologist and cross-cultural researcher Edward T. Hall Beyond Culture (1976) All cultures can be situated in relation to one another through the styles in which they communicate All cultures can be situated in relation to one another through the styles in which they communicate

4. Low Context Cultures Logical, linear, individualistic, and action- oriented Logical, linear, individualistic, and action- oriented Value logic, facts, and directness Value logic, facts, and directness Decisions are based on facts rather than intuition Decisions are based on facts rather than intuition Communication is straightforward, concise, and efficient, words are chosen precisely and intended to be taken literally Communication is straightforward, concise, and efficient, words are chosen precisely and intended to be taken literally

5. High Context Cultures Relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative Relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative Emphasize interpersonal relationships Emphasize interpersonal relationships People are less governed by reason than by intuition or feelings People are less governed by reason than by intuition or feelings Words are not so important as the context, including the speaker’s tone of voice, facial expression, gestures and posture Words are not so important as the context, including the speaker’s tone of voice, facial expression, gestures and posture

6. Representatives of High and Low Context Cultures High Context Cultures Asian countries Asian countries Latin American countries Latin American countries France France Low Context Cultures N-European Countries Germany USA Canada

7. Culture and Language Training Culture is tied to many of the linguistic concepts taught in language classes Culture is tied to many of the linguistic concepts taught in language classes Language learners need to be aware of the culturally appropriate ways to communicate in the target language Language learners need to be aware of the culturally appropriate ways to communicate in the target language They should know what behavior and intonation patterns are appropriate in the target culture They should know what behavior and intonation patterns are appropriate in the target culture

8. Culture and Language Training Programs When should the study of culture begin? When should the study of culture begin? What aspects of culture should be taught in foreign language classroom? What aspects of culture should be taught in foreign language classroom? How to incorporate culture in foreign language classroom? How to incorporate culture in foreign language classroom?

9. Culture in Foreign Language Classroom Geographical and historical perspective Geographical and historical perspective Developing a mental image of the target culture and its traditions Developing a mental image of the target culture and its traditions Non-verbal communication Non-verbal communication Proverbs Proverbs Humor Humor

10. The aspect of Culture in the English Language Programs USA and UK – low context cultures USA and UK – low context cultures The English language – a universal language used for communication with high and low context cultures The English language – a universal language used for communication with high and low context cultures

11. Force Goal L 3782 “...Pre-deployment training should include... cultural, religious and history awareness training adapted to inform personnel of the regional and specific local customs they will encounter in the deployed area...” Pre-mission training Pre-mission trainingand Language training Language training

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