1. Network Embedded Systems Technology (NEST)
Extreme Scaling
CONOPS & Sites
Al Sciarretta
CNS Technologies, Inc

2. Focus Problem: Colombian Oil Pipeline
500 miles
ELN (National Liberation Army)
Our focus has been turned to a particular narco-terrorist target, the Cano Limon Pipeline in Northern Colombia.
There are two big leftist groups in Colombia with an incentive to keep the country in chaos. The ELN and the FARC are both extremely active in this area, and both have been responsible for a number of pipeline attacks. The yellow in the picture is the ELN, and the orange.
The pipeline is about 500 miles in length, which is Boston to Washington type of distance.
Incidentally, pipeline protection is a big problem in the US as well, and is of current interest to DHS. There are about 300,000 miles of pipeline in the US and the US has only about 3M square miles, so there is one mile of pipeline in every 10 square miles. Although much of the pipeline is buried, it comes out of the ground frequently at unmanned, unguarded locations.
FARC (Revolutionary Armed
Forces of Colombia)
Cano – Limon Pipeline

3. Incidents/Year Incidents/Year 260 260 Year Year
1990
1995
2000
260
100
200
180 87
160
128
300
1990
1995
2000
260
100
200
180 87
160
128
300
Pipeline attacks continue to grow, reaching 260 in This basically means that the terrorists are fortunately still taking of weekends and holidays.
Year
Year
350% Growth from ‘97 to ‘01

4. The attacks are primarily in the eastern 100 miles, which is coincidentally the section which is operated by a US subsidiary of Occidental Petroleium. Each outage day represents about $1.5M in lost revenue, so there is a huge financial incentive to solve this problem.
The red dots represent pipeline punctures, and the green represent pipeline dents, so every attack is not successful in terms of stopping flow.
This inset chart shows the altitude…..the pipeline travels over some very mountainous areas, b ut a large fraction of the distance is in triple canopy jungle.

5. Surveillance of Long, Linear, Static Structures
CONOPS Primary Effort
Surveillance of Long, Linear, Static Structures
Problem:
Too vast an area for limited personnel resources (e.g., mobile guards)
Hostile actions:
Destruction (including explosives)
Damage to pumps and transformers
Stripping of copper power lines
Operational Need:
Reliable automated surveillance to detect movement in security zone
FY04 Experiment:
Sense movement of personnel and/or vehicles toward the pipeline
Track the movement and the stop/start of movement
Pipeline
Damage in Iraq

6. Detection and tracking of vehicles Detection and tracking of personnel
CONOPS Primary Effort
Detection and tracking of vehicles
Pipeline
Mobile Patrol
20 km
Pump Station
Detection of unknowns ?
Pipeline
Guard Force Alerted
Security Zone
Detection and tracking of personnel
1 km
Reaction Force

7. CONOPS Related Efforts
"The use of small-arms fire and RPG attacks, command detonated IED's, and mortar rounds continues to increase; especially the frequency of attacks which utilize command detonated IED's daisy chained together, buried or hidden along roads and highways,"
L. Paul Bremer III
IED = Improvised Explosive Device
NEWS RELEASE HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES CENTRAL COMMAND 7115 South Boundary Boulevard MacDill AFB, Fla Phone: (813) ; FAX: (813) ; DSN
November 24, FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE TASK FORCE “ALL AMERICAN” SOLDIERS DISRUPT ATTEMPTS TO EMPLACE IED AL FALLUJAH, Iraq—Soldiers from 1st Battalion, 16th Mechanized Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, attached to 82nd Airborne Division, killed three enemy personnel emplacing an improvised explosive device last night at approximately 8:30 p.m. The soldiers were conducting a patrol along the intersection of Highway 1 and Highway 10 when they observed two individuals digging a hole in the median. A sedan arrived shortly after. Three personnel exited the car and began walking towards the two individuals digging. One of the individuals from the sedan was carrying a large object to the hole.

9. CONOPS Related Efforts
Similar Long, Linear, Static Structures
Surveillance of Supply Routes:
Detect potential ambush sites:
Personnel w/shoulder fired weapons (e.g., RPGs)
IEDs
FY04 Experiment:
Sense movement of personnel/vehicles toward supply route, and then:
They remain near a point
They remain for a while and then leave
Sense suspicious movement on the road
Enemy Observation Point (OP)
Wire to OP
IED
IED

10. CONOPS Related Efforts
Similar Long, Linear, Static Structures
Border Surveillance:
Detect illegal border crossings:
U.S. Customs
Military operations in Iraq
FY04 Experiment:
Detect movement of personnel/vehicles across area adjacent to a border

11. Experiment Sites Characteristics Relatively flat, open area No forests
Easier to survey/mark off 1 km x 20 km site
Easier to deploy/recover sensors
Easier for observers to see large section of experiment site
No forests
No large physical obstructions (e.g., buildings) to line-of-site communications
Small obstructions (e.g., small rocks) okay
Relatively good weather (little rain, light winds, etc.)
Sensors can stay out for days
Military base
Site can be guarded
Sensors deployed on day 1 and remain in place until end of experiment (days later)
Potential for personnel to support deployment/recovery of sensors

12. Experiment Sites Candidate Sites
Naval Air Weapons Facility, China Lake
Being used for DARPA SensIT effort (Feb 04)
150 miles NE of Los Angeles
Encompasses 1.1 million acres of land in California's upper Mojave Desert, ranging in altitude from 2,100 to 8,900 feet
Varies from flat dry lake beds to rugged piñon pine covered mountains.
Weather should be consistent
Summer will be hot

13. Experiment Sites Candidate Sites Other Sites
Fort Bliss, TX (near El Paso, TX)
Nellis AFB (near Las Vegas, NV)
NAS Fallon (near Reno, NV)
Marine Corps Air to Ground Combat Center, 29Palms, California
Eglin AFB (near Pensacola, FL)

14. Next Steps (not in sequential order)
Discuss CONOPS with potential users
Determine metrics
Technical
Operational
Identify experiment data collection and logistical needs
Develop Extreme Scaling Experiment Plan
Ensure compliance with Extreme Scaling Integration Plan
Conduct experiment site assessment
Select site and coordinate/schedule resource needs
Implement experiment plan