1. Genus: Trichomonas
1-Trichomonas hominsi : inhabits the large intestine.
2-Trichomonas tenax: commensal and inhabits the mouth.
3-Trichomonas vaginalis: pathogenic and inhabit the urogenital tract.

2. General features 1-has a trophic stage only (no cystic stage).
2-morphology:
3-multiplies by longitudinal binary fission.
4-It inhabits the cavities of the body.
5-It is host specific, (i.e if present in man, not present in in other animals) and habitat specific (i.e if present in GIT, not present in other system).

5. Trichomonas vaginalis
-T. vaginalis inhabits the urogenital system of males and females.
-In females , it inhabits the vagina, cervix, skene’s gland, anterior urethra and rarely bladder.
-In males, it inhabits the urethra, and rarely prostate and epidedimis.

6. Pathology and pathogenesis
-Factors important in growth of T. vaginalis: 1-presence of glycogen in vaginal epithelial cells. 2-pH of vagina (optimal pH for growth of T. vaginalis is 5.5) -Incidence of infection with T. vaginalis: 1-age. 2-sex.

8. Transmission
1-direct sexual intercourse, or 2-indirectly by using contaminated towels, toilet seat, or vaginal speculum during vaginal examination. 3-through mother’s birth canal and infect the newborn child.

9. Clinical finding
-Infection of female (trichomonas vaginitis, trichomoniaisis)
1-acute.
2-chronic.
3-asymptomatic

10. Laboratory diagnosis I-Direct (microscopic): specimens are:
a-from female: vaginal discharge, vaginal smear and sedimented urine.
b-from male: sedeminted urine, urethral discharge, prostatic secretion and seminal fluid.

11. 1-Fresh (wet) preparation: to see the motile trophozoites.
2-Dried fix preparation: (permenant stained preparation).
-Stained by Giemsa or Leishman’s stains.
3-Wet fixed preparation: Papanicolaou smear.
II-Indirect: by serological test as IFAT, ELISA, latex agglutination test.
Treatment
Metronidazole (orally or vaginally)

12. Hemoflagellates (blood and tissue flagellates)
*Morphological forms of hemoflagellates
1-Amastigote form
2-Promastigote form
3-Epimastigote form
4-Trypomastigote form
Genus Leishmania
1-Cutaneous Leishmaniasis or oriented sore.
2-Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis or Espondia
3-Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar