An example application in GIS Modeling Presentation and hands-on exercise materials prepared by Joseph K. Berry Keck Scholar in Geosciences, University.

An example application in GIS Modeling Presentation and hands-on exercise materials prepared by Joseph K. Berry Keck Scholar in Geosciences, University of Denver Special Faculty in Natural Resources, Colorado State University Principal, Berry & Associates // Spatial Information Systems Email: jberry@innovativegis.com — Website: www.innovativegis.com/basis On- and Off-road Emergency Response One of the most important applications of geotechnology has been Enhanced 911 (E911) location technology that enables emergency services to receive the geographic position of a mobile phone, then automatically geo- coded it to a street address and identify an optimal path for emergency response. But what happens if the call comes from a backcountry location miles from a road? On/Off-Road Travel-Time = fn (roads, water and slope) …describes extend emergency response planning “beyond the lines” of a fixed road network. …for more information, see the online book Beyond Mapping III, Topic 29, Spatial Modeling in Natural Resources www.innovativegis.com/basis/MapAnalysis/

Off-Road HQ (start) Emergency Response Surface …travel-time by truck from HQ along roads HQ (start) 26.5 minutes …farthest away by truck …each grid cell is calibrated by the time it takes to cross depending on the 1) type of movement and 2) the landscape conditions Roads Water Slope On- and Off-road Emergency Response (Truck) The left side of the figure below illustrates the on-road portion of a travel-time (TT) surface from headquarters along secondary backcountry roads. The grid-based solution uses friction values for each grid cell in a manner analogous to road segment vectors in network analysis. The difference being that each grid cell is calibrated for the time it takes to cross it (0.10 minute in this simplified example).

Emergency Response Surface …travel-time by truck from HQ along roads and then by ATV until too steep (>40% slope) HQ (start) Too Steep HQ (start) 52.1 minutes …farthest away by truck and ATV Slopemap …draped over Elevation surface Too Steep For ATV use ATV use Steep canyon area On- and Off-road Emergency Response (ATV) The figure below identifies the shortest combined on- and off-road ATV travel-times. Note that the emergency response solution forms a bowl-like surface with the headquarters as the lowest point and the road proximities forming “valleys” of quick access. The sides of the valleys indicate ATV off-road travel with steeper rises for areas of steeper terrain slopes; the grey areas indicate locations that are too steep for ATV travel.

HQ (start) Emergency Response Surface …travel-time by truck from HQ along roads, then by ATV until too steep and finally hiking in the steep terrain HQ (start) 96.0 minutes …farthest away by truck, ATV and hiking Response Surface …draped over Elevation surface HQ (start) Farthest (end) Optimal Path (quickest route) …accessing locations in the southern portions of the steep canyon require driving along the road, then proceeding via ATV and finally hiking nearly 45 minutes to the bottom of the canyon Steep canyon area On- and Off-road Emergency Response (Hiking) The figure below completes the total on- and off-road travel-time to all locations by adding hiking time from where the wave front of the accumulated travel-time by truck and ATV stopped. Note the very steep rise in the surface (blue tones) resulting from the slow movement in the rugged and steep slopes of the canyon area.

Emergency Response Model (Travel-Time = fn(roads, elevation, water) … 1) the response team first travels by truck along secondary roads, then Emergency Response Model Logic (Flowchart) 2) continues using all-terrain vehicles (ATV) for off-road travel until open water or steep slopes are encountered, then 3) proceeds by hiking in the rugged terrain to reach all locations Renumber Slopemap Hiking Sfriction Water Absolute Hiking Friction CalculateSpread Hiking Prox 3) Travel-time from HQ to all locations (by Truck, ATV & Hiking ) Spread ATV Prox SlopeRenumber ElevationSlopemap ATV Sfriction Renumber Water Absolute ATV Friction Calculate 2) Travel-time from HQ to all ATV accessible locations (by Truck and ATV) Base Map Derived Map Interpreted Map Modeled Map Abstraction Level: HQ Roads Renumber Truck Rfriction HQ RoadProx Spread 1) Travel-time from HQ to all road locations (by Truck)

Time from HQ = 1.0 minutes HQ start Estimated response time in minutes ATV Hiking Truck On- and Off-road Emergency Response (within 1.0 minutes) Minimum travel-time considering on- and off-road travel by truck, ATV and hiking…

Time from HQ = 95.0 minutes HQ start Estimated response time in minutes ATV Hiking Truck On- and Off-road Emergency Response (within 95.0 minutes) Farthest away location (96.0 minutes) Minimum travel-time considering on- and off-road travel by truck, ATV and hiking…

…enabling technology used in spatial reasoning, dialog and decision-making— GPS/GIS/RS Geotechnology is one of the three "mega technologies" for the 21st century and promises to forever change how we conceptualize, utilize and visualize spatial relationships in scientific research and commercial applications (U.S. Department of Labor) Modeling involves analysis of spatial relationships and patterns (Continuous/Numerical) Prescriptive Modeling Why and So What Global Positioning System (location and navigation) Remote Sensing (measure and classify) Geographic Information Systems (map and analyze) The Spatial Triad (Nanotechnology) Geotechnology (Biotechnology) Mapping involves precise placement of physical features and inventories (Discrete/Graphic) Descriptive Mapping Where is What Map Analysis …provides “tools” for investigating spatial patterns and relationships

Geotechnology Geotechnology – one of three “mega-technologies” for the 21 st Century Global Positioning System (Location and navigation) Remote Sensing (Measure and classify) Geographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems (Map and analyze) 70s Computer Mapping (Automated cartography) 80s Spatial Database Management (Mapping and geo-query) Map Analysis 90s Map Analysis (Spatial relationships and patterns) 00s Multimedia Mapping (Spatial relationships and patterns) A Logical Framework for Map Analysis …for more information see www.innovativegis.com/basis/Papers/Other/GISmodelingFramework/ Spatial Analysis Spatial Analysis (Geographic context) Reclassify (single map layer; no new spatial information) Overlay (coincidence of two or more map layers; new spatial information) Proximity (simple/effective distance and connectivity; new spatial information) Neighbors (roving window summaries of local vicinity; new spatial information) Spatial Statistics Spatial Statistics (Numeric context) Surface Modeling (point data to continuous spatial distributions) Spatial Data Mining (interrelationships within and among maps) Map Analysis Toolbox

An example application in GIS Modeling Presentation and hands-on exercise materials prepared by Joseph K. Berry Keck Scholar in Geosciences, University.

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An example application in GIS Modeling Presentation and hands-on exercise materials prepared by Joseph K. Berry Keck Scholar in Geosciences, University.

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Presentation on theme: "An example application in GIS Modeling Presentation and hands-on exercise materials prepared by Joseph K. Berry Keck Scholar in Geosciences, University."— Presentation transcript:

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