1. Pre-Raphaelite Art & Artists English 313 Victorian Literature University of Richmond

2. Many of the images in this presentation were taken from The Pre- Raphaelite Collection, a web-site maintained by Julia Kerr. http://www.webmagick.co.uk/prcoll Other sources include Brian Yoder’s Art Gallery: http://www.primenet.com/~byoder/art.htm Carol Gerten’s Fine Art: http://cgfa.kelloggcreek.com / Thomas Tobin’s The Pre-Raphaelite Critic: http://www.engl.duq.edu/servus/PR_Critic The Rossetti Archive: http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/rossetti/rossetti.html The Web Museum: http://metalab.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/rossetti/

3. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood William Holman Hunt, b. 1827 Dante Gabriel Rossetti, b. 1828 John Everett Millais, b. 1829 William Michael Rossetti, b. 1829 –Other members: James Collinson, Thomas Woolner, Fredric George Stephens

4. “The Immortals” Jesus Shakespeare and the author of Job –Homer, Dante, Chaucer, Leonardo, Goethe, Keats, Shelley, King Alfred, Landor, Thackeray, George Washington, Robert Browning –Others including Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Boccaccio, Newton, Poe, etc.

5. Principles of Royal Academy Art Objects drawn with firm, solid outlines Composition in S or triangle shape Colors subdued, landscape brown Light:Shadow :: 1:3 or 1:4 “All human figures painted free from deformity, dressed in clean new clothes”

6. Principles of Pre-Raphaelite Art Rejecting the “mannered formalism” of Academy Art, of artists following Raphael Reclaiming an Italian tradition (suggested by Ruskin) of naturalism Concern for morality in art Mythic/religious/poetic subjects Subjects drawn from nature

7. Religious Subjects Early paintings by the PRB

8. John Everett Millais, “Christ in the House of his Parents,” 1850

9. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “The Girlhood of Mary Virgin,” 1849

10. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “The Annunciation,” 1850

11. William Holman Hunt, “The Light of the World,” 1853

12. William Holman Hunt, “The Scapegoat,” 1854-55

13. William Holman Hunt, “The Awakening Conscience,” 1853

14. Literary Subjects: The Lady of Shalott The Lady was a favorite subject of Pre-Raphaelite artists and others inspired by the PRB. Nina Auerbach notes that Tennyson’s poem explored the mind of a woman/artist; these paintings make her an object of art.

15. William Holman Hunt, “The Lady of Shalott,” 1889-92

16. John William Waterhouse, “The Lady of Shalott,” 1888

17. Sidney Harold Meteyard, “The Lady of Shalott”

18. More Literary Subjects: Ophelia Ophelia is also a favorite subject of many of the PRB. In some versions, she is strikingly like Tennyson’s Lady.

19. Arthur Hughes, “Ophelia,” 1852

20. John Everett Millais, “Ophelia,” 1852. The model is Elizabeth Siddal.

21. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “The First Madness of Ophelia,” 1864

22. John William Waterhouse, “Ophelia,” 1894

23. Rossetti on Women: Two of Rossetti’s favorite models were his mistress, fianceé, and later wife, Elizabeth Siddal, and the wife of his friend William Morris, Jane Morris (neé Burdon). Other favorites were Annie Miller (seen in his friend Holman Hunt’s painting, “The Awakening Conscience”), and Fanny Cornforth (“Found,” “La Ghirlandata,” and many others).

24. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “Found” (unfinished), 1854

25. 'There is a budding morrow in midnight:'- So sang our Keats, our English nightingale. And here, as lamps across the bridge turn pale In London's smokeless resurrection-light, Dark breaks to dawn. But o'er the deadly blight Of Love deflowered and sorrow of none avail, Which makes this man gasp and this woman quail, Can day from darkness ever again take flight? Ah! gave not these two hearts their mutual pledge, Under one mantle sheltered 'neath the hedge In gloaming courtship? And, O God! to-day He only knows he hold her; - but what part Can life now take? She cries in her locked heart, - "Leave me - I do not know you - go away!"

26. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Elizabeth Siddal, 1854

28. “In an Artist’s Studio,” Christina Rossetti, 1856/1896 One face looks out from all his canvases, One selfsame figure sits or walks or leans We found her hidden just behind those screens, That mirror gave back all her loveliness. A queen in opal or in ruby dress, A nameless girl in freshest summer-greens, A saint, an angel; --every canvas means The same one meaning, neither more nor less. He feeds upon her face by day and night, And she with true kind eyes looks back on him Fair as the moon and joyful as the light: Not wan with waiting, not with sorrow dim; Not as she is, but was when hope shone bright; Not as she is, but as she fills his dream.

29. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Pen sketch of Jane Burdon, later Morris, 1858

30. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “Mariana,” 1870

31. John Everett Millais, “Mariana,” 1851

32. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “Water Willow,” 1871

33. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “The Daydream”

34. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “Proserpine,” 1874

35. Afar away the light that brings cold cheer Unto this wall, - one instant and no more Admitted at my distant palace-door. Afar the flowers of Enna from this drear Dire fruit, which, tasted once, must thrall me here. Afar those skies from this Tartarean grey That chills me: and afar, how far away, The nights that shall be from the days that were. Afar from mine own self I seem, and wing Strange ways in thought, and listen for a sign: And still some heart unto some soul doth pine, Whose sounds mine inner sense is fain to bring, Continually together murmuring, - "Woe's me for thee, unhappy Proserpine!"

36. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “Astarte Syriaca,” 1877

37. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “Boca Baciata,” 1859

38. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “Venus Verticordia,” 1864- 1868

39. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “The Beloved” (“The Bride”), 1865-66

40. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “Lady Lilith”

41. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “La Ghirlandata,” 1873

42. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “The Blessed Damozel,” 1875-78