1. SEMANTIC AGENT SYSTEMS Towards a Reference Architecture for Semantic Agent Systems Applied to Symposium Planning Usman Ali

2. Outline  Background  Organization  Virtual Organization  Organizational Designs  Agent Scenarios  Multi Agent System Frameworks  Conclusion

3. Semantic Web Vision

4. Agent Scenario Consider a Web-enabled method for saving the doomed crew of The Perfect Storm. How could Web agents have helped?

5. Organization "An organization provides a framework for activity and interaction through the definition of roles, behavioural expectations and authority relationships (e.g. control)."

6. Virtual Organization "Virtual Organizations are a set of individuals and institutions that need to co- ordinate resources and services across institutional boundaries".

7. Linked Data Current Web Documents Semantic Web Formal Ontologies Middle way between formalism of Ontologies and information of documents. Linked Data

8. Software Personal Assistants Software personal assistants (SPA) are an active research area that one day might change the face of our human organizations. Organizational Structures Star Ring Mixed/Random

9. Agent based Computing Agent based computing merges two technologies, namely Artificial Intelligence (AI) and object-oriented distributed computing. In distributed object computing, objects can be located across a variety of platforms and in different processes and can communicate transparently with each other (by issuing method requests) as if they were located on a single machine.

10. Importance of Agent oriented thinking As real-world applications are becoming significantly more complex than before. Agent-oriented techniques provide a natural way for modelling complex systems, by decomposing its problem space into autonomous agents and their interactions.

11. Agent Centered Versus Organisation Centered Approach Agent Centred States of an agent and of the relation between these states and its overall behaviour. Organisation Centred Concepts of ‘organizations’, ‘groups’, ‘communities’, ‘roles’, ‘functions’, etc. play an important role.

12. Organization Design In a distributed software architecture, sharing information or interaction has to be predefined which makes it a rigid distributed architecture environment. Open Agent Architecture (OAA): Flexible, dynamic communities of distributed software agents. Human users and software agents, in an OAA, express their requests in terms of, “What will be done?” rather than "How will it be done?”

13. Agent Oriented Modelling and Design  Scenario A situation in a application involving actors and activities.  Structured Thinking Agents start with an overall plan to solve the problem.  Unstructured Thinking Actors can start from anywhere and build up a solution. Actors can play roles based on their perception (mental states). Agent oriented modelling and design.

14. Multi Agent Frameworks Academic World Business World

15. EMERALD

16. RULE RESPONDER

17. Organizational Agent  The organizational agent represents the goals and strategies shared by each committee chair.  It contains rule sets that describe the policies and regulations of the RuleML Symposium.  Delegates incoming queries to the chair’s PAs.

18. Personal Agent A personal agent assists a single chair of the symposium, (semi-autonomously) acting on his/her behalf Each personal agent contains a rule-base FOAF-like profile It contains a FOAF*-like fact profile plus FOAF-extending rules to encode selected knowledge of its human owner

19. External Agent External agents exchange messages with the OA. They submit queries and receive answers. End users, as external agents, interact with the OA using a Web (HTTP) interface to the Symposium Planner. Support for simultaneous external agents Many EAs can communicate with the OA

20. Query Delegation Publicity Chair Agents Sponsoring Publicity Chair... Liaison Chair General Chair...... Challenge Chair Challenge Demos Media Partners Sponsors Responsible Accountable Press Release Challenge Chair Liaison Chair General Chair Metatopics......... Registration Visa Letter... Program Chair...... Submissions Presentations... Properties:

21. Rule Engines Prova: Prolog + Java OO jDREW: Object Oriented java Deductive Reasoning Engine for the Web OO jDREW is used to realize the personal agents of Rule Responder It implements Hornlog RuleML for agent reasoning (Horn logic rules) Supports rules in two formats: POSL: Positional Slotted presentation syntax RuleML: XML interchange syntax Prova is mainly used to realize the organizational agents of Rule Responder It implements Reaction RuleML for agent interaction (event-condition-action rules)

22. COMMUNICATION MIDDLEWARE Mule Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) Mule is used to create communication end points at each personal and organizational agent of Rule Responder Mule supports various transport protocols (i.e. http, jms, soap) Rule Responder uses http and jms as transport protocols

23. MULE ENTERPRISE SERVICE BUS

24. Reaction RuleML  Reaction RuleML is a branch of the RuleML family that supports actions and events.  When two agents want to communicate, each others’ Reaction RuleML messages are sent through the ESB.  The ESB carries RuleML queries (requests), answers (results), and rule bases to/from agents.

25. RuleResponder versus Emerald

26. Multi Agent System Interoperation

27. REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE OF SYMPOSIUMPLANNER

29. Online Use Case Demo http://www.defeasible.org/ruleml2011ijcai/?q=node/25 http://de.dbpedia.org/redirects/ruleml/ACE2ReactionRuleML/index.jsp

32. Conclusion The SymposiumPlanner and many other applications like it, can truly provide the basis for gradual transformation of our workplace into an efficient and productive environment.