2. Writing Unity in the Paragraph

3. A paragraph is unified when all the sentences in the paragraph are focused on one central thought or on a single topic. When you write a paragraph, be sure that each sentence contributes to the theme, and any irrelevant information is excluded. Let ’ s take paragraph 1 as an example: INTRODUCTION

4. (1)In most parts of the world, environmental awareness does not exist. (2)The great majority of nations concern themselves with economic development, regardless of its effect on the global ecology. further explanation lack of environmental awareness

5. (3)But in recent years, as environmental damage has increased, signs of change have sprung up in various pockets around the world. (4)The following are a few examples of countries undertaking new environmental initiatives. supportive examples change of the situation

6. lack of environmental awareness change of the situation environmental awareness

7. Now look at Para 4: When Canada took similar measures to protect the supply of herring in the 1970s, the fish eventually recovered. But experts say that some species today have been so wasted, they may never recover. The government also faces protests from Canadian fishermen. About 40,000 are now unemployed as a result of the fishing bans and loss of their fish supply. unsuccessful protection measures protest against these protection measures measures to protect fish successful fish protection measures

8. Notes: The principle of unity should be followed not only in a single paragraph but in several paragraphs concerning one topic. In passage A the writer of the article lists a few examples of countries undertaking new environmental initiatives. Most of the examples are presented in a very common writing structure: situation-problem-solution- result/evaluation. All these should center around one topic: the problem. Let ’ s take paragraphs 6,7, and 8 about what happened in Brazil as an example.

9. Background:situation Background:situation (the world ’ s largest jungle rain forest) Solution: Solution: ended tax favors, agreed to finance new forest protection projects result result protested the move, continue to destroy the forests topic: Problem topic: Problem (environmental disaster)

10. Read the following paragraphs and analyze: Which of the sentences doesn’t contribute to the topic?

11. 1. Riding a bicycle has a lot of advantages over driving a car. First, it is a physical exercise to ride a bicycle. in contrast, sitting in the car, one tends to gain weight. Besides, it is much more economical to ride a bike than drive a car. The only fee a bike-rider has to pay is the annual tax. However, the annual fees for a car are costly. Most important of all, it is beneficial to the environment to ride a bicycle because the bike doesn ’ t consume petrol; it is a pollution-free transport. In contrast, the exhaust released by the car is harmful to the environment. Scientists should find a way to reduce its damage to the environment.

12. 2. Science and technology are developing rapidly with each passing day. At the same time, tuition and fees for college are much higher than ever before. How to finance your college education had become a matter of concern for many. You can deal with it in many ways. You can get all of the money from your parents. You can apply for a loan especially set up for college students. You can also acquire the money completely by yourself, doing a full-time job in summer or winter holiday. In addition, you can ask your parents for most of it and earn the rest in your spare time in college, by doing a part-time job. Science and technology are developing rapidly with each passing day. At the same time,

13. 3. Most animals are quite unable to control their environments; they must fit themselves to the natural conditions as they find them. By contrast, man is able to dominate his surroundings and this he does by using his intelligence, his curiosity, and his ability to observe and learn. A chimpanzee learns a few tricks, and white rats learn to run a race. Other animals are wonderfully adapted to their particular environment — the eagle to the air, the shark to the water, the elephant to the land — but only man can orbit the earth, sail the North Pole, drive a tunnel through the Alps. No other animal is so adaptable — equally at home in the cold of the polar regions and in the heat of the tropical jungle. rats learn to run a race. A chimpanzee learns a few tricks, and white

14. How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic Write a paragraph on the topic of How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic. Eliminate the irrelevant idea from the outline below. Then write the paragraph in a problem-solution pattern.

15. situation: urban traffic, increasingly crowded, traffic jams, delay, traffic accidents, careless driving solution: more roads, speed up the flow of traffic, more public bus routes result: take up much land, house shortage, inconvenience