1. Gluconeogenesis
Title - making glucose

2. Gluconeogenesis Glucose Glucogenic amino acids Lactate, pyruvate
Glycerols (from
triglycerides)
Glucose
All these precursors can be converted to glucose.
Propionate
(ruminants)
Krebs cycle
intermediates

3. Roles of Gluconeogenesis
Provides glucose for the brain
Recycles lactate after exercise
Lactose synthesis in ruminants
Carbohydrate polymers in plants and bacteria
From CO2, acetate, fats, etc…
Roles of gluconeogenesis.

4. Review of Glycolysis
Review glycolysis

5. Review of Glycolysis
More review glycolysis

6. Bypasses of “Irreversible” Glycolysis Steps

7. Bypasses of “Irreversible” Glycolysis Steps

8. Bypasses of “Irreversible” Glycolysis Steps

9. Cori Cycle: Lactate Salvage

10. Glucose-Alanine Cycle
Alanine-glucose cycle

11. Gluconeogenesis from Stored Fats
In plants
Plants reactions
Need glyoxylate cycle
Animals can not make glucose from fat.

12. Gluconeogenesis from Stored Fats
In animals
Animal reactions

13. Gluconeogenesis from Propionate
In ruminants
Ruminants

14. Fate of Pyruvate: Regulation

15. Gluconeogenesis and Glycolysis
Reciprocal regulation
Must be separately regulated to prevent futile cycle.

16. Reciprocal Regulation of PFK-1 and FBPase-1
Both enzymes allosterically regulated by Fru-2,6-bisP
PFK-1 & FBPase-1

17. Regulation by Fru-2,6-bisP

18. Regulation by Fru-2,6-bisP

19. Fru-2,6-bisP as Regulator
F2,6BP

20. What Regulates [Fru-2,6-bisP]?
Indirectly regulated by the hormone glucagon
Regulation of regulator

21. PFK-2 and FBPase-1: Same Protein!
Two activities on same protein.