3. In the larger right-hand column, you will take notes from my lecture and our discussion like you normally would. You may use any style of note-taking you wish: –outline format –narrative format –symbols –short hand –etc.

4. Notes go here, in the large right-hand column. Questions, subtitles, etc. go here, in the left- hand column. Remember, we want higher level critical thinking questions. (Costa’s levels) A 3 to 4 sentence summary should be placed on the bottom of the last page of notes Your Name Teacher Class Date Topic Summary

5. Compare notes with a partner. Talk about what you wrote and why. Look for gaps and missed information. Both partners should add to their notes if necessary.

6. In the smaller left-hand column, write questions which correlate with your notes on the right. Your questions should reflect Information you don’t understand or would like to discuss with your teacher. Information you think may show up on an essay test. Gaps or missing information in your notes.

7. On your own, in the space provided at the bottom of your last page of notes, complete a 3 to 4 sentence summary of what you wrote in your notes.

8. Your Name Teacher Class Date Questions, Subtitles, Headings, etc. Class Notes 2 1/2” 3 to 4 sentence summary across the bottom of the last page of your notes on that subject. Topic

9. Cornell note taking stimulates critical thinking skills. Note taking helps students remember what is said in class. A good set of notes can help students work on assignments and prepare for tests outside of the classroom.

10. Good notes allow students to help each other solve problems. Good notes help students organize and process data. Good notes help students recall By getting them to process their notes 3 separate times. Writing is a great tool for learning!

11. Developed in 1949 at Cornell University by Walter Pauk. Designed in response to frustration over student test scores. Meant to be easily used as a test study guide. Adopted by most major law schools as the preferred note taking method.

12. Your Name Teacher Class Date Topic: Cornell Notes Why Take Notes? critical thinking skills remember what is said prepare for tests solve problems organize and process data helps student recall History 1949, Cornell U., Walter Pauk low student test scores study guide most major law school

13. Use the lined sheet of paper you picked up to take notes about the history of British literature.

15. Does anyone recognize this place?

16. The history of the English Language parallels the history of the English people and the British Islands.

17. England before the English When the Roman legions arrived, they found the land inhabited by “Britons.” –Today, the Britons are known as the Celts Stonehenge no written language The Britons were absorbed into Roman society (~40BC – 400 AD) –Latin is spoken Romans withdraw as the Empire crumbles, leaving the Britons behind

18. England before the English group of pagan people from Northern Europe begin a series of invasions –Anglo-Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) –bring Germanic languages –still have their language Wednesday…day of Woden, father of the gods Thursday…day of Thor, god of war Woden--father of the gods

20. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders - mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from Englaland and their language was called Englisc - from which the words England and English are derived.

22. By 600, Anglo-Saxons conquer the Britons –language becomes more Germanic still retains some Latin The Anglo-Saxons’ two urgings--war and wandering -- become part of the oral tradition –Beowulf is an example of an Anglo-Saxon heroic tale Beowulf battles Grendel’s mother

23. The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English.

24. Old English (450-1100 AD) Part of Beowulf, a poem written in Old English.

25. Beowulf prologue LO, praise of the prowess of people-kings of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped, we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!

26. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100.

27. By 700, Christian missionaries arrive to convert the pagans –Latin (the language of the Church) returns King Alfred –the Britons become organized –first true king of the Britons –period of prosperity King Alfred brings an age of prosperity

28. But in the eleventh century The Norman Conquest of Britain brought foreign rulers whose native language was –French.

29. In 1066, the Normans (French speaking people from Normandy), led by William the Conqueror attack and defeat the Britains (a blend of the Britons and Anglo- Saxons) at the Battle of Hastings –French culture and French literature arrives

30. For more than three hundred years, French was the official language of England. French was the language of the court. English was spoken only by peasants. For example, consider the words “pig” and “pork.”

31. Welcome to England and the English … an island of peoples, languages, and divisions... Latin -- church, schools French -- court, castle English -- commoners The White Tower in London… part of William’s legacy Chartres Cathedral

32. Another half of our English vocabulary is of French and Romance origins. No, not that kind!