1. Bell ringer
1. Why is it important to examine 1963 Birmingham, Alabama during the Civil Rights Movement? 2. What happened to the 16th Street Baptist Church in 1963 Birmingham in? 3. Name two acts of violence used by police against African Americans? 4. What was Martin Luther King arrested for in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963? 5. What was King’s central argument in his “Letter from Birmingham Jail”?

2. 1963 Birmingham, Alabama

3. What is going on in 1963 Birmingham
Despite the peaceful efforts of both the black and white leaders of the city, terror and violence had gripped Birmingham, Alabama while the world watched.
City parks and public golf courses had been closed to prevent desegregation.
Black community attempted to protest racial activities by boycotting selected Birmingham merchants.
The national media publicized the powerful water hoses and the German shepherd police dogs that were used by the firemen and the policemen of Birmingham against demonstrators in May of 1963

4. (HISTORY Here Mobile resource app) Birmingham national example
1963 Birmingham, Alabama had become a national example of racial tension and fighting.

5. Martin Luther king jr. arrested
The Letter from Birmingham Jail is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King, Jr. The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism, arguing that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws

6. Violence continues
Even as the inspiring words of Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous "I Have a Dream" speech rang out from the Lincoln Memorial during the historic March on Washington in August of 1963, racial relations in the segregated South were still marked by continued violence and inequality.

7. 16th street Baptist church bombing
September 15, a bomb exploded before Sunday morning services at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama.
Predominantly black congregation that served as a meeting place for civil rights leaders.
Four young girls were killed and many other people injured.

8. (HISTORY Here Mobile resource APP) 16th street Baptist church bombing
Outrage over the incident and the violent clash between protesters and police that followed helped draw national attention to the hard-fought, often dangerous struggle for civil rights for African Americans.

9. The National archives activity (www.archives.gov) Birmingham 1963
Fishbowl Method: As the students split up into two large groups, I will hand each group three primary source documents to analyze and complete questions on for 20 minutes before performing the fishbowl activity. After students have analyzed each document in their groups, each group will take turns in the inner circle and outer circle. The primary source documents used in this activity are from the Alabama Department of Archives and History that includes telegrams discussing the issues of 1963 Birmingham.

10. 1963 Birmingham activity Primary Documents
Telegram 1: May 13, 1963 from L.H. Foster

11. 1963 Birmingham activity Primary Documents
Telegram 2: May 13, 1963 from George Andrews

12. 1963 Birmingham activity Primary Documents
Telegram 3: May 16, 1963 from NBC News

13. 1963 Birmingham activity Primary Documents
Telegram 4: May 28, 1963 from Mayor Boutwell

14. 1963 Birmingham activity Primary Documents
Telegram 5: May 13, 1963 from Wallace to The President

15. 1963 Birmingham activity Primary Documents
Picture: Documents of Human Rights in Alabama

16. 1963 Birmingham activity Questions
1. Describe what kind of document this is. 2. What is the date of the document and why is it significant? 3. For what audience was this document written? 4. List 3 points that the author made that you believe are important. 5. Why do you think that the author wrote this document? 6. List two (2) things from the document that describes life in the United States or in Alabama.

17. 1963 Birmingham activity 2
Act of the press secretary for the Governor of Alabama and write a press release (official statement ) to be sent to each newspaper, and radio and television station in Alabama that will explain what is happening in Birmingham and what they advise the Governor to tell the state.

18. Works cited (Resources used)
HISTORY Here app Google Images