1. GEOGRAPHY SKILLS 101

2. North Pole, 90ºN Tropic of Capricorn, 23 1/2ºS Tropic of Cancer, 23 1/2ºN Antarctic Circle, 66 1/2ºS Arctic Circle, 66 1/2ºN South Pole, 90ºS

3. Practice What major city has the following coordinates? What major city has the following coordinates? 41ºN, 73ºW (USA) 41ºN, 73ºW (USA) 33ºN, 13ºE (Africa) 33ºN, 13ºE (Africa) 33ºS, 71ºW 33ºS, 71ºW 34ºS, 150ºE 34ºS, 150ºE Name the global address of: Name the global address of: Hanoi, Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Athens, Greece Athens, Greece Tehran, Iran Tehran, Iran Sugar Land, TX Sugar Land, TX

4. Practice Using an atlas, select a city outside of the United States and write down its absolute location. Then, describe its relative location.

5. Winkel Tripel Projection

6. Robinson Projection

7. Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Projection

8. Mercator Projection

9. Title -Describes what the map shows (place, time period, etc.)

10. Orientation -refers to directions  shown by compass rose * cardinal directions = N, S, E, & W * intermediate directions = NW, NE, SW, & SE * must have at least North

11. Date & Author Date usually down here, too -helps us judge accuracy of the map * Date tells us how up-to-date info. is * Author: is this person reliable?

12. Legend -tells us what each symbol or color represents

13. Scale -shows relationship between map measurements and actual distances

14. Index -alphabetical list of places shown on a gridded map or set of maps (gives addresses of places listed) * Always on back of map

15. Grid -Set of intersecting lines that determine absolute location * Can be letter/number (city map) * Typically latitude & longitude

16. Source -used if information not obtained by direct experience or observation (gives us reliability as well)

17. Surrounding Places -identifies places or features that border the area depicted on a map (relative location)

18. Types of Maps General Purpose General Purpose Physical: shows topography (shape) of Earth Physical: shows topography (shape) of Earth Displays relief: differences in elevation, landforms, etc. Displays relief: differences in elevation, landforms, etc. Political: shows boundaries of countries, states, etc. Political: shows boundaries of countries, states, etc. Displays human-made features (capitals, roads, etc. Displays human-made features (capitals, roads, etc. Open to page 106 & 107 Open to page 106 & 107

19. Types of Maps Special Purpose Special Purpose Emphasize a particular kind of information Emphasize a particular kind of information Climate Climate Population density Population density Vegetation Vegetation Economic activity Economic activity Cartogram (RA38) Cartogram (RA38) Open to page 108 & 109 Open to page 108 & 109

20. Cartogram