1. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” MODULE 5 : Part 2 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE

2. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” Module Objectives At the end of the module, students should be able to: –Describe the process of creating a database in general terms –Compare and contrast relational and object- oriented databases –Explain what a data warehouse is and how it differs from a database

3. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” Creating and Using a Database 1.Creating the database 2.Determining the table structure 3.Setting up the file structure 4.Entering the data 5.Using the database

4. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” 1. Creating the Database Consider your needs –Reports you will need –Inquiries you will want to make consider possible future needs and the needs of other user. it is better to design carefully and minimize the need to modify the database structure.

5. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” 2. Determining the Table Structure Sketch the table structure – what kind of data is needed in each column Determine characteristics of field –Field name Each field must have a unique field name –Field type –Field width The maximum number of characters, including decimal places

6. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” Field Types Character fields – contain descriptive data Numeric fields – contain numbers used for calculation –Specify the number of decimal places Date fields Logical fields – keep track of true/false or yes/no conditions

7. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” 3. Setting Up the File Structure Design the structure for each table –Define the table –Define each field in the table –Define primary key Set up the table in design view

8. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” 4. Entering the Data Enter data into the tables in datasheet view Enter data into the tables by using a graphical form

9. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” 5. Using the Database Many operations can be performed to view and modify the data i.List the records ii.List specific fields iii.Make a query iv.Modify the data

10. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” i. List the Records Displays the table in datasheet view –Displays all rows and all columns Can be displayed on monitor or printed

11. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” ii. List Specific Fields Displays only the fields you want to view Use SQL to select the desired fields

12. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” iii. Make a Query Use SQL or query-by- example to produce a query –Use relational operator to define criteria –Can be displayed on monitor or printed –Can be formatted into a report

13. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” iv. Modify the Data Add new records Update (make changes to) an existing record Delete records

14. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” The Object-Oriented Database Model Designed to manipulate complex data types –Examples include maps and audio and video files objectThe object is the main focus Designed to incorporate object-oriented programming with large amounts of complex data

15. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” An Object Represents a real-world entity (person, place, or thing) Includes both the entity and any actions that work with that entity –Includes characteristics (properties) of entity –Includes actions the entity can perform –Includes actions that can be performed on the entity

16. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” Data Warehouses Contain data that has been captured in company databases –Can contain data that has been gathered from external sources Use a variety of analytical tools

17. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” Analytical Tools Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) software –Analyzes data from all databases in the data warehouse –Provides different “views” of the same data Data mining uses sophisticated statistical and artificial intelligence techniques –Looks for previously unrecognized patterns, relationships, and trends among the data

18. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” Where to Get More Information H.L. Capron, J.A. Johnson. 2004. Computers: Tools for an Information Age. Eighth Edition. Prentice-Hall. -- Chap 13 Kroenke, D.M. 1998. Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design and Implementation. Prentice-Hall. London. McFadden, F.R., Hoffer, J. A., Prescott, M. B. 1999, Modern Database Management. Addison Wesley. Massachusetts. O’Leary, T.J., O’Leary, L.I. 1997. Computing Essentials. New York. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.