1. Introduction to Africa Wolfram Latsch Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies University of Washington EARC Workshop | China-Africa Relations | 14 May 2011

2. Where is Africa?

3. Africa Precolonial Polities

4. Africa Precolonial Polities c.1880

5. Africa Partition at Berlin 1885

6. Africa After Independence 1958-91

7. Africa’s Performance since Independence

8. Snapshot: Development Disparities

12. Africa after Independence: Three Different Periods of Economic Growth

15. Africa’s Four Anti-Growth Syndromes 1.Aggressive control and regulatory policies distort the economy and create poor environment for markets and business (exchange rates, inflation, tariffs, corruption) World Bank. Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa. 2008.

16. Africa’s Anti-Growth Syndromes 2. Ethnic and regional redistribution polarizes politics and economics, raises the stakes of politics, increases the likelihood that groups will fight for control of the state. World Bank Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa. 2008.

17. Africa’s Anti-Growth Syndromes 3.Sacrificing the income of future generations by unsustainable borrowing and spending (trade deficits, debt) World Bank Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa. 2008.

18. Africa’s Anti-Growth Syndromes 4.State and government fragility and breakdown during conflict (breakdown in the delivery of public goods like law + order, defense, infrastructure etc.) World Bank Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa. 2008.

20. Polity IV. Global Report 2009.

22. Steven Radelet. Emerging Africa. 2010. Botswana Burkina Faso Cape Verde Ethiopia Ghana Lesotho Mali Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Rwanda Sao Tome & Principe Seychelles South Africa Tanzania Uganda Zambia Botswana Burkina Faso Cape Verde Ethiopia Ghana Lesotho Mali Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Rwanda Sao Tome & Principe Seychelles South Africa Tanzania Uganda Zambia

23. Steven Radelet. Emerging Africa. 2010. Botswana Burkina Faso Cape Verde Ethiopia Ghana Lesotho Mali Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Rwanda Sao Tome & Principe Seychelles South Africa Tanzania Uganda Zambia Botswana Burkina Faso Cape Verde Ethiopia Ghana Lesotho Mali Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Rwanda Sao Tome & Principe Seychelles South Africa Tanzania Uganda Zambia 1996-2008 Average Income Growth per capita3.2% Cumulative Increase in Average Real Income50%

24. Emerging Africa: Five Fundamental Changes 1.Rise of more democratic and accountable governments | 3 in 1989 → 23 in 2008 2.More sensible and sustainable economic policies | reduction in anti-growth syndromes 3.End of the debt crisis after ~ 25 years | greater country ownership of reforms 4.New technologies | cell phones in markets and politics 5.New generations | policymakers, activists, business leaders Steven Radelet. Emerging Africa. 2010.

25. Emerging Africa: Other Changes 1.Agricultural production is rising 2.Investment is increasing 3.Productivity and income are growing 4.Africa is more connected to international trade 5.Growth not based on commodity prices alone 6.Infant mortality is declining 7.Population growth rates have begun to decline 8.Political rights and liberties more respected 9.Reduction in political conflict

26. Challenges and Opportunities

27. Diffusion of ICT

28. The Economist. 6 January 2011.

29. The New York Times. 3 May 2011.

30. Foreign Policy July/August 2010

31. The Economist. 17 March 2011. = Sub-Saharan African country

32. Polity IV. Global Report 2009.

33. Economist Intelligence Unit. Manning the Barricades. March 2009. 2009

37. World Bank. Doing Business. rru.worldbank.org/businessplanet Ease of Doing Business | 2009

38. World Economic Forum. Global Competitiveness Report. 2010. Competitiveness | 2009

39. The Economist. 29 January 2009.

41. Gapminder World 200 Years That Changed the World http://bit.ly/evil5O

42. China and Africa

43. The Economist. 20 April 2011.

44. Asia-Pacific Journal. 2009.