1. Literary Terms

2. Types of Literature: prose: the ordinary form of spoken or written language writing that is not poetry poetry: rhythmic, compressed language written to appeal to emotion and imagination drama: a story written to be acted for an audience Example: Ex: 7 th grade, paragraph, essay

3. plot: the series of related events that make up a story

4. plot line: Resolution

5. Elements of the Plot: exposition: the beginning of the story that tells who the characters are and what the conflict is Continued Example: “Seventh Grade” : Victor receives the packet with information, with the elective French. His crush Teresa is in French class.

6. Elements of the Plot (Continued) Rising/climbing action: the part of the story in which various problems arise as the characters try to resolve the conflict. The tension of the story builds. (Our textbook calls rising action complications.) climax: the critical point in a story when the outcome is decided one way or another Continued Example:

7. Elements of the Plot (Continued) Falling/closing action: events that follow the climax that contain action or dialogue needed to lead to the resolution. The tension decreases. resolution: the characters’ problems are solved and the story ends. The conflict is resolved. Example:

8. setting: the time and place in which the story occurs Example: RTT – garden, India, early 1900, rainy season 7 th grade – school, California, first day, modern times

9. character: a person or animal who takes part in the action of a story, drama, or other literary work Example: RTT – Rikki Tiki is an animal character, Nag, human family,

10. A couple of ways to think about characters: protagonist: the main character in a work of literature. The reader usually sympathizes with. antagonist: a person or thing that fights against the main character; the bad character or force Example: RTT – Nag/Nagaina, Example: “7 th Grade”, Victor is the main character, he has the most conflicts (crush) RTT – Rikki Tiki

11. More ways to think about characters: Dynamic/round character: a character who changes as a result of the story’s events Static/flat character: a character who does not change much in the story Example: Example: Darzee, Teddy, human father RTT – the human mother changes her opinion, RTT learns how to keep a garden safe, 7 th grade – Victor, had courage to ask T out

12. conflict: a struggle or clash between opposing characters or forces (problem/struggle) Example: “7 th Grade” – Victor had a crush on Teresa and she didn’t know it RTT: animals want territory for themselves

13. Types of Conflicts: external conflict: a struggle with some outside force Person vs. person Person vs. society Person vs. nature Person vs. the supernatural Example: RTT vs. snakes Example: snakes vs. garden Example: RTT vs flood

14. Types of Conflicts: internal conflict: a struggle within a character’s mind. The character has a problem deciding what to do or think. Example: RTT - the human mom at first didn’t want RTT, but she changed her mind by the end, RTT struggles with how to attack Nag

15. theme: the truth about life revealed in a work of literature… message The theme is not the same as the subject of a story. A theme must be written as a sentence. A story can have more than one theme, but one will often stand out over another. Example: RTT – a lot of conflicts occur because of territory - people want to protect their territory and family - - historically, people fight over boundaries/land

16. symbol: a person, place, thing, or event that has its own meaning and stands for something beyond itself Example: RTT – red eyes = anger

17. flashback: an interruption in the action of a story to tell what happened at an earlier time Example:

18. foreshadowing: using clues to suggest events that will happen later in the plot Example:

19. suspense: the uncertainty or anxiety you feel about what will happen next in a story Example: RTT – last porch scene with Nagiana/RTT, RTT was on Nagiana’s tail down the snake nest

20. Narrator The person telling the story Point of view Position from which the story is told or vantage point Example:

21. Third person omniscient point of view The all-knowing narrator tells the story. The narrator is not actually in the story, but sees it all…like a god. Third person limited point of view Narrator focuses on the thoughts/feelings of one character. You see the action through the eyes/feelings of one character in the story. First person point of view One of the characters tells the story. The pronoun “I” is used. You really get to know that one character well, but then again you only know their side. There are different types of Point of View….. Example: 7 th Grade Example:

22. Characterization The process of revealing the character through description…how they feel, act, think, look like etc.. Indirect characterization We find out about characters indirectly through showing us thoughts, comments, or actions of the characters. Direct characterization The narrator or a character in the story tells us what we need to know about a character. Example:

23. Mood: Overall emotion created by the passage (sad, scary, hopeful etc.) the feeling you are left with when reading it Ex) Imagery Using words that appeal to the senses Ex) Tone: the attitude that a writer takes toward the audience, a subject or a character Ex) allusion: a reference to another work of fiction, a film, a piece of art, or even a real event Ex)

24. Dialect Way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular region/group of people Ex) southern twang irony: a contrast between expectation and reality

25. Figurative language There are two basic purposes for studying Figurative Language: 1.To help you recognize the greatness of a writer’s talent as you read 2.To teach you how to use those same skills to improve your writing. Figurative language creates IMAGERY in your mind as you read!

26. Simile comparison in which one thing is compared to another unlike thing by using specific words of comparison like like, as EX) 3SK: the rats were hanging like fruit from a tree Metaphor Comparing two unlike things. Sometimes a metaphor is a whole poem or paragraph. EX) the weather was a warm blanket

27. Personification speaking of something that is not human as if it had human abilities and human reactions EX) the sun was smiling Hyperbole great exaggeration used to emphasize a point, and is used for expressive or comic effect EX) there were a million cobra eggs

28. Alliteration repetition of a single letter in the alphabet EX) The Kindness Campaign kicked off on Monday.

29. Onomatopoeia Single word that sounds like the thing it refers to EX) The crackling crunch of the paper. The hiss of the snake. Bang. Boom. Achoo. Idiom Groups of words whose meaning is different from the ordinary meaning of the words. EX) That sound drives me up a wall.

30. 6. genre: a category of art with a distinctive style or form

31. irony: a contrast between expectation and reality

33. motivation: any force that drives or moves a character to behave a particular way. What does the character want or need? Physical needs: air, food, water, sleep, shelter Safety needs: personal safety, safety of significant others, living in a safe environment, ability to get need resources—could include employment Love/Belonging: friendship, family relationships, romantic relationship Esteem: self-respect, confidence, achievement, recognition, respect of others, respect for others Self-actualization: creativity, pursuit of one’s potential, self-acceptance