1. Cairo University Faculty of engineering Mining department Nickel in mining world Under supervision: Dr.Salah Elmofty

2. Outlines Introduction Occurrences Properties Preparation of mines Processing Industrial applications

3. Introduction Engineers and architects are increasingly designing structures and products that satisfy society ’ s demand for durability, hygiene, energy efficiency, recycle ability and sustainability. Life cycle assessments and reliable data on recycle rates for various competing materials have become an integral part of today ’ s design process no matter what industry you consider. Materials that deliver superior economic and environmental qualities, by definition will not diminish the ability of future generations to satisfy their needs. Therefore these materials stand out as a sustainable choice. Engineers and architects are increasingly designing structures and products that satisfy society ’ s demand for durability, hygiene, energy efficiency, recycle ability and sustainability. Life cycle assessments and reliable data on recycle rates for various competing materials have become an integral part of today ’ s design process no matter what industry you consider. Materials that deliver superior economic and environmental qualities, by definition will not diminish the ability of future generations to satisfy their needs. Therefore these materials stand out as a sustainable choice.

4. Occurrence 1- Australia 34% 1- Australia 34% 2- Russia 11% 2- Russia 11% 3-North America. 11% 3-North America. 11% 4-Cuba. 9% 4-Cuba. 9% 5-New Caledonia 8% 5-New Caledonia 8% 6-Africa 6% 6-Africa 6% 7-China 6% 7-China 6% 8-Europe 1% 8-Europe 1% 9-South America 0.5% 9-South America 0.5%. Norilsk's mine is the biggest of nickel in Russia. It produces more than 80% of Russia's product of nickel.

6. Properties : Raney nickel looks like a finely divided gray powder. Macroscopically: Raney nickel looks like a finely divided gray powder. Nickel melts at about 1455°C (about 2651°F), boils at about 2913°C (about 5275°F). Nickel melts at about 1455°C (about 2651°F), boils at about 2913°C (about 5275°F). It is used chiefly in making alloys. It is used chiefly in making alloys.

7. Compared to nickel alloys, commercially pure nickel has high electrical conductivity, a high Curie temperature and good magnet ostrictive properties. Compared to nickel alloys, commercially pure nickel has high electrical conductivity, a high Curie temperature and good magnet ostrictive properties. Nickel is hard and ductile. Nickel is hard and ductile. Nickel is very slow to react with air, but it is a very reactive element. Nickel is very slow to react with air, but it is a very reactive element.

8. Preparation of mines Development mining vs. production mining Development mining vs. production mining Ventilation Ventilation Ground support: Ground support: Some means of support is required in order to maintain the stability of the openings that are excavated. This support comes in two forms, local support and area support.

9. Area ground support: Area ground support: Area ground support is used to prevent major ground failure. Holes are drilled into the back (ceiling) and walls and a long metal bar (or rock bolt) is installed to hold the ground together. There are three categories of rock bolt, determined on the way the behave in the rock. rock boltrock bolt Local ground support: Local ground support: Local ground support is used to prevent smaller rocks from falling from the backs and walls. Not all excavations require local ground support.

10. Processing After Nickel ore is mined it is processed. Processing is where the nickel ore is removed from the waste and concentrated. There are 4 major stages in the processing of nickel. Why!?

11. Stages of processing(4) Crushing Grinding Flotation Concentration

12. 1.Crushing: Nickel ore and waste rock are broken down into smaller pieces. 2. 2. Grinding: The smaller pieces of ore and waste rock are ground down. Water is added to the grinding mill to create a slurry or fine paste.

13. 3. 3. Flotation: Air is bubbled into the slurry to create ore-covered froth. Ore particles are attracted to and attached to the bubbles.The froth is collected from the slurry. 4. Concentration: The flotation process occurs a number of times to increase the concentration of the ore in the liquid.The solution containing concentrated ore is filtered and dried before being sent to a smelter

14. Industrial applications Raney nickel is used in a large number of industrial processes and in organic synthesis because of its stability and high catalytic activity at room temperature. Raney nickel is used in a large number of industrial processes and in organic synthesis because of its stability and high catalytic activity at room temperature. Nickel-Aluminum Nickel-Aluminum Nickel- chrome Nickel- chrome Nickel-titanium Nickel-titanium

16. Thank You

17. Prepared by: Hamad Awad Khairy Islam Abdelrahman Omar Ezzit Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Gaber ALaa Abdelrahman mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Amin Rizk Saber Mahmoud Abdelhafez Hatem