1. Chapter 16: Mineral Resources and Mining Mr. Manskopf Notes also at http://www.manskopf.com http://www.manskopf.com

2. MAIN IDEA Modern societies depend upon a large number of a variety of minerals. Mining of those minerals has a great impact on our environment.

3. GOALS for Chapter 16 Notes Investigate what minerals are, why they are important. Describe how we find minerals in the ground and how we mine them. Analyze the environmental impact of mining.

4. Identifying Mineral Around You What are the walls made from? What are the windows made from? What is your desk made from? What is this computer made from? What is inside all those wires around the room? What is all of my jewelry made from?

5. Minerals Mineral: a naturally occurring solid that has a fixed chemical make up and set properties Nonrenewable! Aluminum Gold Salt Lead Copper

6. Average US person in a lifetime

8. Ore Minerals Ore Minerals: valuable and economically extractable Gangue: no commercial value found in mineral “Waste Product” Gold Ore

9. Copper Ore Copper Mine in Arizona Pure copper

10. Metallic vs. Nonmetallic Metallic Conduct electricity Shiny Opaque Copper, lead, gold, silver, nickel, titanium, iron Nonmetallic Good insulators May be shiny or dull May allow light to pass Salt, clay, gypsum, silica, quartz,

11. Sand mine Coal Mine

12. How do they form? Magma cooling Evaporation Many other ways

13. The many ways they form…coal

14. How are they used? (cooper as example)

15. Copper Usage Worldwide

16. Where in the U.S. are they found?

17. How are they found?

19. Subsurface Mining Ore usually found below 50 meters More dangerous Some mines 2-3 miles deep Lower impact at surface

20. Subsurface Mining

22. Surface Mining Ore deposits located close to surface More land impact “safer” More water pollution

23. Surface Mining

25. Environmental Impacts of Surface Mining

28. Smelting Process by which ore is melted at high temperatures to remove impurities

29. Mineral Life Cycle

30. Environmental Impacts of Mining

31. Environmental Impacts of Mining: Air

32. Environmental Impacts of Mining: Water

33. Environmental Impacts of Mining: Wildlife

34. Environmental Impacts of Mining: Soil

35. Environmental Impacts of Mining: Subsidence

36. Environmental Impacts of Mining: Underground Fires

37. Mining Laws In the U.S. there are several laws that impact mining Clean Water Act Clean Air Act Endangered Species Act Safe Drinking Water Act Superfund (CERCLA) Surface Mining Control Reclamation Act

38. Reclamation Process of restoring land to it original condition when mining is completed

39. Review Chapter 16 Mining and Minerals Investigate what minerals are, why they are important. Describe how we find minerals in the ground and how we mine them. Analyze the environmental impact of mining.

40. How can our actions lesson impacts like this?