1. Living in South Asia Ch. 25.1

2. Agriculture 60% are in agriculture (India/ Bangladesh) –Mostly subsistence farming –Large use of animal power Plowing, waterwheels, work of tractor –Dependent on rainfall

5. Agriculture Terracing in the highlands Fruit orchards in Pakistan Rice in Bangladesh/India (4 th /2 nd ) –Small farms in India Huge tea/rubber/coconut plantations in Sri Lanka (thanks to Europe) –S.L. now has to import many foods

8. Green Revolution Since 1960s: want to increase and diversify crops Diversify crops, monitor irrigation, introduction of new fertilizers. –India can now store and export grains –Monsoons, though, interrupt cycles & modernization costs $$$

10. Industries India’s economy- after independence in 1947  socialist (more govn’t control) Expanded home industry to be self- sufficient (slow growth for decades) But in 1990s, economic crisis led to market economy  consumerism skyrocketed (2 nd to U.S.)

11. Industries Textiles is huge (38 million workers) Grew out of history of cottage industries (employ workers in home) –Gandhi used spinning wheel as symbol of strength & independence for India

13. Industries Mining and fishing are still prevalent –Petroleum in Pak., graphite in S.L. –Bang. = commercial fishers vs. local Iron & steel are major heavy industries –Ship Breaking  dismantle and melt down old ships

14. Chittagong, Bangladesh

15. Industries High-Technology Sector- computer, communications, aerospace, software –Bangalore & Hyderabad= “India’s Silicon Valley” –India is 2 nd largest exporter of software

16. Outsourcing/Offshoring Transfer of management or production to another country –Lower labor & energy costs –Efficient land use –Foundations for global expansion India is known for call centers, but that is w/ higher education.

17. Tourism Come to hike, hunt in Himalayas See India’s temples & festivals (millions of ppl per year) But religious and political violence is causing a drop in tourism (S.L., Kashmir) Some restrict tourists to preserve environ. –Bhutan ( <5,000 tourist visas ea. year)

18. What’s the Problem? Labor Force of India Agriculture: 60% Industry: 12% Services: 28% Gross Domestic Product Agriculture: 20% Industry: 19% Services: 61%